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PORTLAND

ILLUSTE ATED.

JOHN I^EAL.

PORTLAND:
W. S. JONES, PUBLISHER.
1874.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by

W. 8. JONES,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

PORTLAND :
EUSTIS & Castell, Pbintbrs.

1401478

PORTLA^TD :

PAST— PRESENT AND FUTURE.

That Portland has never had justice, nor indeed, anything like justice done
her, begins to be felt and acknowledged by pleasure-seekers and the great
business-world.

Her capabilities, advantages and resources are found to be absolutely surpris-
ing, when carefully investigated ; so that, in giving an account of them, one
can hardly avoid the appearance of great exaggeration.

Whole generations have passed away since our ship-building, our fisheries, our
lumbering operations, our adventurous temper, and the beauty of our women ;
our commercial enterprize, and our readiness to take the field with "a fire in
our bones," whenever called upon by our country, or threatened by interlopers,
red men or white, have been talked about over sea, and everywhere among our-
selves, more as if we were not only ''a peculiar people zealous of good works,"
but numerous, warlike and powerful, with slumbering energies of a somewhat
dangerous character, than as a small, sober, christianized community, self-pos-
sessed, industrious and thrifty, and at home everywhere, on land or sea.

Beginning with a liberal contribution of men to our first Indian war, of 1675,
and furnishing four companies in 1745, finishing off with five thousand alto-
gether in the G-reat Rebellion, to say nothing of intermediate periods, nothing
of the second Indian war in 168S, when Portland, then Falmouth, was utterly
destroyed for the second time, and the whole population, amounting to six or
seven hundred, were obliged to flee for their lives, followed by the French and
their savage alies, until Church, who had been so greatly distinguished in the
war with Philip of Mount-Hope, came to their relief with six or eight compan-
ies; nothing of Louisburg and the French war; nothing of the Revolutionary
war in 1776, when the town was laid in ashes by Mowatt; nothing of the
Mexican war, and the war with Great Britian from 1812 to 1815, Portland
never shrank, nor faltered, in the discharge of her duty to herself and her
country.

But notwithstanding these wars, and the terrible embargo which desolated
our wharves, and the non-importation acts, and non-intercourse laws, Portland
continued her flourishing career.

And yet, until we were burnt over in 1866, and our Board of Trade sprang up
of itself, somewhat like the new growth, after a great fire through an aboriginal
wilderness, followed by the Board of Manufacturers, and after a while, by the

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

late Industrial Exliibition, wliicli we are but just through with, so that we
have hardly yet recovered from our surprise, we had no true knowledge of
ourselves, and of our capabilities.

And now, after seeing our future foreshadowed with the distinctness of
Hebrew prophecy, and our inevitable growth revealed to us, with all our hidden
capabilities, advantages and resources, and our silent, unostentatious achieve-
ments within the last few years, hitherto but imperfectly understood, or wholly
overlooked, by the wisest among us, what is there to stay our progress hereafter,
as a manufacturing population? or to hinder the growth of our commerce and
business character ? since in 1870 our manufacturing products amounted to no
less than $9,000,000, though we never knew it, until the report of the Board of
Manufacturers appeared.

Having been tried by fire, and in a measure purged, purified, and set a-tliink-
ing, we have begun to question ourselves, and to ask in all seriousness, whether
we have not been shamefully blind to some of our peculiar advantages, strange-
ly neglectful of our greatest privileges, and correspondingly unthankful.

To have been so long unacquainted with ourselves, and only to have waked
up, within the last few months, would appear unaccountable ; but then, we are
now in earnest, and by calling upon our business-men to bestir themselves, and
rousing our whole community, as by a thunder-peal at dead of night, we have
succeeded in astonishing not only outsiders, travelers and strangers in search
of the picturesque and beautiful, but our largest property-holders, and the most
far-seeing and sagacious of our business-men, however well acquainted with
our past doings and history, they had supposed themselves to be.

For a long time, agriculture throughout our whole neighborhood was neglected,
and the best energies of our population were employed in lumbering, then,
in the West-India trade, then, partly in freighting, and partly in the Russian
trade, so that we were known only as a commercial association, regardless alike
of manufacturers and agriculture.

But times have changed. Our railroads, with sixty-five trains, entering and
leaving daily. Our dry docks, one of which is four hundred and twenty-five
feet long by one hundred feet in width, and of a depth greater than that of any
other in the United States, being twenty-three feet, while even the smaller is
one hundred and seventy-five by eighty feet with a draught of twelve feet ; our
water supply the purest we know of anywhere, as proved by careful and patient
analysis, from a lake seventeen miles off, and measuring two hundred square
miles, at an elevation of two hundred and forty-seven feet above tide water,
with a reservoir containing twelve millions of gallons, upon a hill which of
itself stands 175 1-2 feet above tide water, for the supply of our largest wants ;
our horse railroads, our gas-company, and our manufacturers, of which some-
thing is to be said hereafter, all these have had their awakening influences ;
and co-operating as they do, all at once, are we not fully justified in our largest
expectations ?

Consider for a moment what our people have gone through with from the
first. Three times utterly "scattered and peeled," wasted and ravaged, since

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED,

our forefathers first took possession of the peninsula on which our city is built,
first known as Machigonne, from Matchi, bad, and gon, clay, and then, as the
Neck, or Casco-Neck; twice by the red men of the wilderness, and the white
savages of Canada, and once by our brothers of England, when the bombard-
ment over, and the torches thrown aside, there were left standing of the four
hundred and fourteen buildings which constituted our picturesque, thrifty and
beautiful village, only here and there the shattered skeletons of about a hundred,
no less than thirteen of which, however, managed to outlive all the chances and
changes of tempest and fire, from 1776 to 1866, when they disappeared forever,
along with the goodliest part of our new Portland, in the flash and roar of that
bewildering conflagration, which overswept all our chief treasure-houses and
buried most of our household gods in a storm of white ashes — of which a word
or two just here.

Within about sixteen hours, the whole business part of Portland was utterly
destroyed. Eight miles of thoroughfare closely built, out of the forty-seven
miles of streets we measure, not including courts and ways, with fifteen hundred
buildings, covering at the lowest computation one hundred and thirty acres, out
of the sixteen hundred and sixty-six acres, comprised within the city boundar-
ies, of which hardly a fourth part was built over, were laid in ashes.

Arranged in a line, these fifteen hundred buildings would extend sixteen
miles. Among them were the Custom-House, the Post-Ofiice and U. S. Law
Courts, all under one 'roof, built from the celebrated granite of Kennebunk-
port, said by the geologist and architect sent to us by the Czar of Russia, to be
the best building material known, and believed to be fire-proof, with its brick
floors, iron girders and arches, and costing over $500,000 ; the New City Hall of
Albert-stone, with ends of pressed brick, a magnificent and stately pile which
cost us $648,000; our Museum of Natural History, our Athenteum, all our
public and many of our private libraries, eight churches, together with no less
than thirteen large blocks of stores and warehouses. Wood's marble hotel six
stories high, and Brown's sugar-house, with its outlying warehouses and
appendages covering whole acres of ground, to say nothing of our law offices,
not one of which escaped, our newspaper establishments, insurance offices and
banks, all of which passed away like shadows, in that hurricane of unquench-
able fire.

Our loss at the time of the fire, was estimated, or rather under-estimated
at $10,000,000
Insurance paid, 3,159,450
Cash contributions, 600,000

$3,759,450

Net loss therefore, $6,240,550
being about one-fifth of our valuation, and quite of a piece with what has just
happened to Chicago, for the second time within three years, though I find the
loss estimated to-day, from four to six millions. Seventeen hundred buildings
were destroyed and one hundred and fifty-seven acres burned.

POUTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

But then, it must be remembered that for one hundred and fifty years, or so,
we had little to brag of except our beautiful women, always ranked with the
women of Philadelphia, Providence and Baltimore, our fine ships, our lumber-
In- and our fisheries. We had no manufactories, no cultivated farms worth
mentioning, to supply our wants, no public buildings to be compared with what
we have now, no statesmen, no artists, no painters, no poets, no authors, no
capitalists and no idlers, from the time that Falmouth was ''setoff" or rather
''cast ojrr from old Massachusetts in 1659, up to 1820, when the District of
Maine, as it was then called, sloughed off altogether in somewhat of a hurry,
and by a single elf ort, with a magnanimous disregard of consequences on her
part, as well as on that of our mother State, and became forthwith one of this
great Commonwealth of Nations, with a territory about as large as all the rest
of New England; Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Kew Hamp-
shire; containing ;n,865 square miles to their 32,316, with water accessible from
every point along our sea coast, and a frontage on the Atlantic of more than
four hundred miles.

And now for Portland — a brief outline sketch of our strange history may
not be out of place here.

Originally what is now Portland was called Machigonne by the Indians, then
Casco-Bay, then the Neck, and then Falmouth by the first settlers, after a
village standing at the mouth of Fal, a river in Cornwall, England.

At this time, the territory of Falmouth contained about eighty square miles,
and included Cape-Elizabeth, Westbrook, the peninsula on which Portland is
built, then called the Neck, Daering, and some other towns incorporated at long
intervals.

In Hubbard's narrative between 1607 and 1677, speaking of Casco-Bay, he
says "On the south side of it is a small village called Falmouth, all or most of
it lately destroyed by fire."

Although the neck, or peninsula on which the city is built, contains but 1,666
acres, the islands within her jurisdiction furnish 2,951 acres more, pre-eminently
varied, beautiful and picturesque, with fine, though not very large farms,
abundant forest growth, capital fishing, and the best of sea-bathing and boating.
And negotiations are now under way, which are likely to eventuate in the
annexation of Cape-Elizabeth, or a large part thereof, and much, if not the
whole of Deering, formerly a part of Westbrook.

Occupying but portions of territory about tliree miles in length, and averag-
ing about a mile in width, although some parts are much wider, all open to the
sea, with two elevations, Bramhall on the west, one hundred and seventy-five
and a-half foet, and Munjoy, one hundred and sixty-one feet above tide-water on
the east, with a high ridge runningijetween them the whole length of the city,
and covered with handsome buildings, public and private, and a magnificent
fjrowth of trees, over three thousand now, opening like forest avenues into the
wilderness, and sloping both ways to the water, so that the city drains itself,
Portland may now be regarded as not only one of the most beautiful, and
attractive, but as one of the healthiest cities in the world.

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED,

With the Atlantic ocean, on one side, crowded with the islands of Casco Bay;
and the White Mountains of N'ew Hampshire — the Switzerland of America —
on the other, so that the air is winnowed all the year through ; with a bound-
less horizon — a magnificent panorama— visible from every part of the town and
from almost every house, we may venture to challenge comparison with any
city, either at home or abroad.

And then, we have our Marginal-way, nearly five miles in length, and one
hundred feet in width, running all round the city, one-half in the front, full of
substantial wharves, where vessels of the largest class may lie in thirty feet of
water, and the other half on the back aide, where forty steamers of four
hundred feet in length may lie in safety, without interference, while receiving
or discharging their cargoes ; with one of the largest, deepest and safest harbors
in the world, never frozen over, and easy of access at all seasons without a pilot;
so that a new steamer of the ISTational line, the Canada, of 4276 tons, and draw-
ing twenty-three feet of water, has just verified the fact, and left us, to return
hereafter once a month, while the other British steamers are continuing their
regular weekly and fortnightly trips for six months of the year. With all these
advantages, what have we to fear?

Let it be remembered moreover, that we are lying half a day's sail nearer
to Europe than any other port in the United States, and on the shortest
possible line through to the Pacific, ready to take toll both ways, when the
National thoroughfare is opened to Japan, China, and the great Eastern world.

- And here, in addition to what has already been gathered from Parson Smith's
Diary, beginning in 1719, and ending in 1787; from Willis, our indefatigable,
minute and conscientious annalist ; from the report of Walter Wells, Secretary
of the Board of Manufacturers; from our Portland Directory, so faithfully
issued, year after year, by Mr. Beckett, and the last report from our Board of
Trade, so comprehensive and satisfactory, compiled by Mr. Rich, the Secretary,
some of the following items may not be without value.

A settlement was made at Phij)sburg in 1607 — thirteen years before the Ply-
mouth Fathers appeared.

The first meeting house was built in 1740, at the corner of Middle and India
streets. It was of one story, without seats and unglazed. After a while, it was
used for a town-house, and then for a school-house up to 1774, when it was
carted oif.

The Neck, then called Machigonne, was first occupied in 1632 — when the
first tree of the dark forest then covering the whole territory of what is now
Portland, was felled.

Falmouth, in 1679, had a population of six or seven hundred, while the M hole
of New England contained only 200,000. In 1753, the population of the Neck
was 720 — of Falmouth 2712, including thirty-one slaves, one of which, by the
way, was held by Parson Smith himself.

Portland was incorporated in 1786, with a population of 2000. In 1870, the
population had increased to 31,418, and is now nearly 35,000 at least.

In 1687 one "store" was licensed, the firsthand was built on Bay, below Broad

POR TLANB ILL USTRA TED.

street, afterward King, and now India-street. The first brick building was put
up in 1785, by General Wadswortb, and is now owned and occupied by the Long-
fellow heirs. The first brick store was built by Capt. N. Deering at the foot of
Exchange-street in 1795. In 1802, the first brick school-house appeared, when
thirty-three houses were added to the others.

In 1750 there were 136 dwelling houses on the Keck and four warehouses ; and
now, within the last six months we have built seventy dwelling-houses of a
superior class in general, and several large and substantial warehouses. Yet
more —

We furnished altogether about 5000 men for the last war, paid bounties
amounting to 428,970 dollars, with interest on a much larger amount after the
State "equalization."

In 1783, after the peace, we had only two religious societies, the First Parish
and the Episcopal ; we have now thirty-five.

In 1787, the Second Congregational church was built, and then, followed the
Friends, with their brick meeting-house in 1795, at the corner of Federal and
School, now Pearl-street.

Our tonnage is over 100,000; imports for '72, 23,000,000, exports 22,000,000 —
an increase of four millions both on the imports and exports of '71. The Treas-
ury Keport for '73 has not been made up.

We have six National, and two Savings banks, in full operation and exceed-
ingly prosperous.

There were 10,447 entries of merchandise in '72; and our sales amounted to
over $40,000,000.

To our last valuation of 29,821,012 we may safely add 33 1-3 per cent, — per-
haps 50 per cent.

No less than one hundred and nineteen towns, with a population of 278,437,
are tributary to, and have their business-centre in Portland, with which no
other market may interfere. Yet more —

We have, it is said, nearly six hundred and fifty lakes within our territory,
and some very large and beautiful, such as Moosehead, Chesumcook, Umbagog
and Sebago, many large, navigable rivers, the Penobscot and Kennebec, from
200 to 300 miles in length, and the Saco and the Androscoggin traversing large
districts, and all emptying into the sea, along our coast.

We have large hotels, and watering-places without number, at our very
doors, and among our Islands, for sea-bathing, boating and fishing, and moun-
tain-houses in plenty along the White Mountain regions.

Sixty-five railroad trains enter and leave the city daily ; and we have daily
steamers to Boston, half- weekly steamers to New York, weekly and half- weekly
ocean steamers for six months of the year, with lines touching at many ports
eastward along the coast of Maine and the Maratime British Provinces.

We have three daily papers and thirteen weeklies, monthlies and quarterlies.

The monthly report for Februrary of the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics of
the Treasury Department, has just been issued. From it we learn that the
summary statement of the intransitu and trans-shipment trade of the United

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

States for that month amounted to $6,851,768, of which Portland furnished
$5,044,800, or about five-sixths of the entire sum. New York was the second
port, furnishing $955,045, and Boston third with $379,872.

The aggregate number of vessels owned in this District on the 30th of June,
1874, as appears by the official report just made to the Bureau of Statistics by
the Collector at this port is, 392, with a tonnage of 101,832,69. Of these vessels
371 are sail and 21 steam ; the tonnage of the former is 93,526,40, and the latter
8,306,29. The return of seamen for these vessels, as reported in these lists,
shows an aggregate of 737 officers and 1837 crew, or a total of 2574.

The Maine-Central railroad received and delivered at Farmington, last year,
4,644 tons of Portland freight, and 3,535 tons of Boston freight. The Portland
freight was chiefly imports from Portland.

Since the foregoing was written, a new line of steamers between Portland
and New York, has been established, to be called the Cromwell-line, and run
semi-weekly.

But enough. With a population such as we have, busy, active, industrious,
enterprizing, thrifty and liberal, again, I ask, What have we to fear?
To be sure, we blossom with granite and ice; but then— our fruitage is gold.

J.N.

EXCHANGE STREET

BEFORE AND SIXCE THE GREAT FIRE.

Originally, and up to about 1815, we had three principal thoroughfares,
running through the city length-wise from one end to the other. These were

DOWX EXCHANGE STREET, FROM FEDERAL, BEFORE THE GREAT FIKE OF '66.

then called Fore-street, Middle-street and Back-street, now Congress, and Com-
mercial. Cumberland, Oxford, Lincoln and Portland^streets have since been

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

opened ; all but Commercial and Cumberland stopping short, or diverging on
tlieir way tbrougii.

These original thoroughfares were intersected by streets running across the
city, from avenue to avenue, and sometimes from shore to shore, that is, from
Fore-street to Back-street and the Cove, with here and there a break.

Fish-street, now called Exchange-street, and lately extended to Congress,
originally Back-street, ran from the water-side, where all the wharves are
built, up to Middle-street, beyond which the spectator is now supposed to be
standing ; and looking down Exchange-street toward Fore-street, where the first
brick store was built, in 1795, by Capt. K. Deering.

All the Insurance-offices, all the Banks, with two or three exceptions, and all
the auction-business of the city were always confined to Exchange-street—
the Wall-street of Portland — and from the first, when it was called Fish-street,
it was not only our chief business mart for the heaviest transactions, but a prin-
cipal cross thoroughfare.

Most of the buildings on both sides were of common brick— the commonest
i^tleed- never more than three stories high, Avith here and there stone pilasters
and lintels, after the Quincy syenite had brought stone-fronts into fashion all
over the country, up to the time of the great fire ; unpretending, moderate in
size, and never more than twenty-eight or thirty feet up to the eaves, with steep
shingle roofs, and when flat, occasionally covered with tarred paper and gravel
or sand, but never slated nor tinned, and useless garrets, barely enough to allow
play for a hoisting-wheel.

The cellars were shoal, dark, and very damp, without drainage and without
floors, and in short, all of one type and character, plain tp ugliness, and with-
out ornamentation or embelishment of any kind.

On the right— before the fire— looking toward the water, may be seen the
largest frame building to be found in the whole neighborhood, originally, the
mansion of our late Judge Widgery, it had been greatly enlarged, about forty
years ago, and converted into a vast furniture warehouse and manufactory, for
Walter Corey, who occupied it up to the time of the fire, which swept away,
not only this large, four-story building, but a brick-mill, six stories high in the
rear, and an adjoining warehouse occupied for the storage of seasoned lumber.

But after the fire, and while the ruins were still smoking and steaming, a new
spirit took sudden possession of our property-holders, along this beautiful street,
and elsewhere in the neighborhood ; most of whom had been waiting all their
lives for the large business-men and bankers, to move first — or at any rate, for
something to happen ; and straightway they began building for the future, so
that Portland is now, as all may see by comparing these two views, before and
after the terrible visitation, at least, fifty years ahead of what she would have
been otherwise — in all probability.

We have now along both sides of this attractive and busy thoroughfare,
large, handsome blocks and warehouses, of granite, iron, Albert-stone, pressed
brick and common brick, three and four stories high, with mansard roofs, and
large halls and chambers, adapted to the wants of a manufacturing region.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

These buildings are all, upon the average, fifty or sixty feet to tlie eaves, well-
slated roofs, large, dry and well-lighted cellars, deep drainage, and generally
water-close Ls, sinks and Sebago water; and also — a fact worth recording — with a
reasonable amount of architectural embelishment, heavy cornices, rich windows,
and pilasters to correspond. Instead of being only thirty-five or forty feet in
depth, most of these are from eighty to one hundred and twenty, or even

DOWN EXCHANGE STREET, FROM MIDDLE.

here and there, one hundred and fifty feet in depth, and they are generally
finished within, after a superior style, with our richest native woods, black aiul
yellow ash, maple and walnut, oiled and varnished. The floors are laid with
southern pine, the cellars with heavy plank or cemented, and all are now
occupied for banking-houses, brokers' offices, insurance-offices, auction-rooms,
book-stores, warehouses and manufactories.

The ground floor is almost always stuccoed, the ceilings frescoed, with hand-
some cornices, and the windows of large plate-glass.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

But enough may be seen at a glance, to satisfy all that a wonderful improve-
ment in the style of architecture, and in all the ornamentation , has taken place,
to say nothing of the great additional conveniences, the greater safety — not a
single wooden building is there now on the street, nor in the neighborhood —
and nothing of the widened streets, the park, the fire-alarm, our admirable fire-
department, and the Sebago water, which goes up almost of itself to the man-
zard roofs and attics of our highest buildings.

MEDDLE STEEET, BEFOKE THE FIRE — KUINS AFTER THE FIRE.

Before the fire. Middle-street was the principal avenue and thoroughfare.

Forty-nine fiftieths of the jobbing and retail business, and about all of the
dry-goods and hardware business, after we began to have imi)orters and whole-
sale dealers — that is about 1806 — were done along this handsome street.

Many of the retailers were jobbers, but we had no importers until 1805 or 6,
when two or three houses were opened — or rather two or three large chambers,
for they were all in the second story of our low brick buildings.

First, we had Gordon and Lewis, and then Atherton, Poor and Cram, both
between Plum and Union-streets, where that large, handsome, and quite cele-
brated hotel, seven stories high, the Falmouth, now stands. These were fol-
lowed after a year or two, by Tappan and Sewall, whose chambers were in
Haymarket-Row, and soon after by Smith and Oxnard, in Mussey's-Row.

By this time the hardware dealers began to import for theniselves, and job-
bing became a part of almost every large retail establishment.

Earlier than this however, by two or three years, McLellan and Brown had
tried importation for awhile on Exchange-street, where Bailey & Noyes' very
large, handsome book-store, now appears.

At this period of our town's history, all our brick stores, and they constituted
perhaps, not more than a fifth part of the whole, were of the type already des-
cribed, very low-studded, seldom over eight or nine feet on the ground floor,
dark, narrow, and never more than twenty-eight or perhaps thirty feet up to the
eaves, when Haymarket-Row was built, by the father of our late annalist, Wil-
liam Willis, and two or three associates.

The piers were always of brick, and to this day are the safest — and the
ugliest — we have to rely upon, after all our improvements, in case of fire, how-
ever desolating or terrible.

And it was not until 1820, or thereabouts, that granite pillars, and stone
fronts for the lower story, as you see them in the plate, were introduced.
From that day, bricks were abandoned for the piers and pilasters, and as iron had
not come into use, the style was uniform throughout our business-quarters,
pillars, lintels, architraves, cornices, caps, and sills being all of a stone we
had agreed to call granite, on the authority of architects, builders and quarry-
men, thougli most of it was gneiss, like the Hallowell, North Yarmouth and
Rockland yield, and nuich of the remainder, Quincy stone or syenite, abounding
in feldspar over-charged with alkali, and undergoing rapid disintegration with

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

changes of weather, till it gets honey-combed like the Tremont-hoiise, of Boston.

Of this material— valued the more for being so dark that no shadows could
be seen under the ornaments and projections, we had stores built,— a block on
Fore-street, by Mr. Joseph Harrod — and all our store fronts for awhile.

Then we had a Custom-House, built of the Sandy-Bay or Gloucester stone — a
true granite; then a block of stores on Middle-street, from the boulders found

MIDDLE STREET, BEFOUE THE GREAT FIRE OF 'G6, WITH WOOD'S MARBLE HOTEL AND
SECOND PARISH CHURCH IN THE FOREGROUND.

in Concord, N". H., then the Sheepscot stone, a dark syenite, loose and friable,
much darker indeed than the Quincy, and for that reason still more esteemed,
till we began our first Exchange with it, and built up to the second story, when
it was discovered that no dependence could be placed upon the quarry for large
pillars and architraves, and the work stopped, until the United-States quarry
was opened, and Kennebunk stone — a true granite — was introduced, after

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

which it was finished and taken off our hands by the general government, for a
a Post-Offiee and U. S. Court-House.

From this time, all our store fronts were from the U. S. quarry at Kenne-
bunkport, or from a J^orth- Yarmouth quarry, of which two four-storied houses
on State-street were built; a rough stone cottage on Congress, of the Kenne-
bunkport quarry, still standing on Congress-street, and a store on Exchange
street, of undressed ashler, with trimmed edges, by the writer— and these were

RUINS OF THE GREAT FIRE — DOWN MIDDLE STREET FROM FBEB.

all the stone buildings we had, or have to this day; and then the Biddeford and
Blue-Hill quarries were opened with a lighter colored, but very pure granite
which is now received with great favor in all parts of our country. '

How strange ! Here had we been importing this material from New Hamp-
shire and Massachusetts, when the foundations of our whole neighborhood
were granite, gneiss and syenite, marble and talco-slate, and we are now fur-
nishing public buildings in every part of our country — literally quarryino- Post
Offices, Custom-Houses, Temples, Churches and City-Halls out of° these
neglected foundations, and have enough left along our coast and amon- our
islands, to furnish with ease blocks enough for one large city a year, and never
miss the material from our great subterranean treasuries.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED,

And so we labored with all these hindrances in our way, until after the fire,
when we betook ourselves to iron for pillars, arches, lintels, caps and sills, with
here and there a building, or block of Albert-stone from Nova-Scotia, like the
City-Hall, the Falniouth-Hotel, the Hopkins-block, which you may see on your
right, or of marble, from Vermont, such as the new Post-Office, one of the
handsomest public-buildings to be found anywhere, and the Casco-Bank, of
Blue-Hill granite, both in full view. The stores along Middle-street however,
are generally built of pressed-brick, with Albert-stone trimmings, or of common
brick saved from the fire and covered with mastic, with iron caps and sills, iron
for the ground floor, and iron for the ornamentation.

The church seen beyond Wood's Hotel — in the illustration of Middle-street
before the fire — was that where Dr. Payson used to preach, from the beginning
to the end of his remarkable career. ° ^

THE FIEE OF '66— RUINS OF EXCHANGE ST.
2

OUH NEW PORTLAND

OUR POETS, PAINTERS, &C.

A total stranger on approaching Portland by sea, would be likely to over-esti-
mate the population by thousands, or perhaps tens of thousands, for he would
see about as much of it as he would of New- York, or Boston, or any other large
city, approaching it by sea, and he would be sure to imagine a vast amount of
building far away beyond his view, occupying the lower parts of the territory,
as in other cities.

Every pinnacle, every dome, every spire, every tall roof, with a lantern or
cupola, would be a suggestion of something far beyond, whatever he might
fancy or see in the foreground.

Yet, as a matter of fact, he would see about all there is of Portland, so that
if unacquainted with our history, or the census, he would be not a little aston-
ished to find, that, instead of being a city of one or two hundred thousand in-
habitants, we have at the most, not over thirty-five thousand. "Not more than
thirty-five thousand?" he ^ould be likely to say, ''with all these churches,
domes and spires, and all these magnificent public edifices, huge warehouses,
massive blocks, and private dwellings of a size almost princely, and all these
large gardens." Nor would he be likely to forego his first impressions, on seeing
our harbor, our dry-docks, and the crowded shipping at our wharves, our mar-
ginal-way and our railroad system ; our eastern and western promenades, and
the Deering-woods, which, if he were not well acquainted with us, he would be
sure to regard as a magnificent park, and a part of our belongings.

But suppose the stranger to be traveling in search of the sublime and pic-
turesque, the beautiful and the romantic, having heard of Maine and the coast
of Maine; of the wonders along our Down-East region, of our islands, not
always three hundred and sixty-five in a group — no less and no more — never,
quite up to the ''thotisand islands of the St. Lawrence," yet altogether too nu-
merous to mention.

And, now for a change, let us suppose our traveler to be somewhat acquaint-
ed with our history and our doings in the world of literature and art, of our
authors, our landscape-painters, our poets, and our sculptors — of our celebri-
ties in a word — for celebrities we have, and not a few who are known abroad,
even better than they are at home.

Of course he would have a thousand questions to ask, and of course he must
be answered.

With a view then to the gratification of travelers and visitors, having indi-
vidual tastes and very different views, when they light upon such a community
as ours, we propose, instead of cataloguing our churches, or grouping our chief

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

public-buildings, till the reader wearies of their sameness, or at least of the
sameness that must predominate in describing them, to intermix here and
there a brief sketch of some author, some poet, or some painter or sculptor,
who has helped to make Portland famous, not only at home, but over sea.

THE CITY HALL.

This exceedingly handsome, well-proportioned and conveniently-arranged
Government-House, was first built some years before the fire, and seemed to

CITY-HALL.

our tax-payers and large property-holders, altogether disproportioned to our
wants. It was built of the Nova-Scotia Albert-stone, and pressed-brick with
Albert-stone trimmings; and cost without the land, six hundred and fifty
thousand dollars.

It furnishes most desirable accommodations for the City-government with all
its offices, for all the State-courts, for the City and County Treasuries, for the

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

Public-Library, for tbe Municipal and Probate-Courts, for the Kegistry of Deeds,
and for tbe Museum of Natural History, with reception-rooms, and one of the
largest and best public halls in the country, with twenty-five hundred seats.

But so great a change has taken place in public opinion, since it has been re-
built and refurnished, and become so attractive and imposing, that the grum-
blers have died out, and all our misgivings are forgotten, just as it happened
years ago, when the Portland Exchange was got under way.

OUK POETS — HENEY W. LONGFELLOW.

Suppose we begin with Longfellow. He was born here ; and you may see
the house, where he first breathed what Shakespeare breathed, without being
consumed — the atmosphere of poetry — the uplifting atmosphere of another
world.

It is now an old-fashioned, unpretending, three-story brick house, originally
two stories, until a few years ago— standing on Congress-steeet, between a
block of stores and the Preble-House, with a darkened front-yard, fifteen or
twenty feet deep— no monj— holding it back from the street, and pver-shadowed
by large trees. Hence it may be that the Washington-House, Cambridge, where
he has now taken root, engaged his affections — there being a kind of resem-
blance, both within and without, between the two.

When Longfellow first began to dribble poetry— or verses rather — he was a
student of Bowdoin-College, and then something else — a prof essor, perhaps — or
tutor — till he went abroad to qualify himself thoroughly in some of our modern
languages, which he succeeded in doing, till he became an admirable linguist;
but little did he think, perhaps — and most assuredly little did we think, who
knew him best, that he would ever become what he undoubtedly is at this mo-
ment, one of our best prose-writers, and the author of some of the most beauti-
ful poems in our language, or in any other.

Gentle, affectionate and loving, Mr. Longfellow is never sublime, never start-
ling, nor often picturesque; but if we take up "The Skeleton in Armor,"— the
best of all his poems- the "Psalm of Life," or any one of the shorter pieces, he
IS continually throwing off, we shall hear the rippling of that inward power, so
strange and yet so unpretending— and feel the breath of that illuminated
atmosphere, which, when it bursts into song, men have agreed to call poetry.
Poor fellow! he has been sorely tried through the whole of his earthly pilgrim-
age ; but then, he has gained what otherwise he might never have hoped'' for,
the sympathy and commiseration of thousands and tens of thousands, who
never knew why the sweet mournfulness they so much love, and the gentleness
and tenderness they feel throbbing in their own hearts, while they read, became
his leading characteristics.

His Dante is a grand affair, harmonious, faithful and efficient; but, having
lost himself m the translation, the few readers of Dante through translations
will never do the translator justice, till they dip into his own sweet, warbling
manifestations of organic power.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

THE POST-OFFICE.

Here we have another of the public-buildings which have begun to give us a
reputation abroad, and our people higher notions of architecture.

It is built of a Vermont marble, of a remarkable fine, clear grain, at a cost of
$500,000. Our present post-master, is Ex-Judge Charles W. Goddard, formerly
Consul to Constantinople — County Attorney — then Judge of our Superior

POST-OFFICE.

Court, a man of remarkable industry, perseverance and earnestness in whatever
he undertakes.

The ground-floor is occupied for the Post-Office, and the whole second story
for U. S. Court-rooms and offices.

Sixty years ago, our Post-Office was in a one-story frame-building, near the
head of Exchange-street — or Fish-street, as it was then called.

Then "growing with our growth," it migrated to a frame building on Union
street, and then after a fire or two, the general government having been pur-
suaded, through the influence of our townsman and zealous representative, A.
W. H. Clapp, Esquire, to buy out our interest in that wretched abortion, the

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

Portland-Exchange, begun, but left unfinished in the midst of our land-fever;
and having built it up from the basement with the Kennebunk granite,^ and at
the cost mentioned above, made it one of our handsomest and safest buildings,
and converted it into a Post-Office and Custom-House, with large, handsome U.
S. Court-Rooms, and it so continued up to the time of a fire, which destroyed
the building, and with it the Natural-History Collection. It was then re-built
by the United States, and stood till the great fire, when it was so terribly shatter-
ed that it had to be taken down and built over anew, as you see it now, and of mar-
ble instead of granite — neither of the two being able to withstand fire, though
cubes of the U. S. quarry, from Kennebunk-port, a foot square, have been heat-
ed red-hot in a blacksmith's forge, thrown into the sea, at dead of winter, and
when taken out, underwent no crumbling nor disintegration — so at least it was
said by quarry-men and stone-cutters, employed in 1836, by the writer.

OUR SCULPTORS — PAUL AKEKS.

The first person, man or woman, that ever tried to model anything in the
shape of a head here, was Paul Akers, of whom we all heard so much, and ex-
pected so much, up to the time of his early death.

Strangely enough, although we had begun to be talked about, both at home
and abroad, for our landscapes, we never had a portrait-painter worth remem-
bering. The elder Cole used to paint a good likeness, and the younger fol-
lowed, but they were both only clever and patient mechanics, not artists.

And as for sculptors— that was a department- a mystery— altogether be-
yond our reach. To be sure, Brackett, now of Boston, had tried his hand away
Down-East, npon some of the heads he was acquainted with, and then after a
long while, upon the human figure, until he produced the Drowned Mother and
Babe, life size, and sent them forth for exhibition — a beautiful idea, and full
of glorious possibilities, but never tried in marble.

And now for Akers — Paul Akers, with whose doings and personal history, I
have been familiar from the time he first fell in my way.

He was born in our immediate neighborhood, at Saccarappa, I believe, about
six or eight miles from Portland, passed his earlier life in brick-yards and
lumber-mills, and occasionally labored on his father's little homestead.

One day, a brother lawyer, from that neighborhood, or perhaps from Saco,
named Hayes, called on me to ask if I should have any objection to see a young
man of his acquaintance, who had been trying his hand at a preparation for
sculpture, by modeling in clay. Of course I should be glad to see the poor fel-
low, having been accustomed to such applications for many years, until I could
enumerate fifty or a hundred, perhaps, to whom I had foretold their destiny; no
one of the whole having disappointed me at last. Among these were authors,
poets, painters, actors, preachers, inventors, &c., all of whom, without a single
exception, having become more or less distinguished. Of course, therefore,
my opinion was thought worth having, and my predictions prophecy. So at
least Ilackett, and Charlotte Cushman believed. Sully and Chester Harding,
Codman and Tilton, Ann S. Stephens and Elizabeth Oaksmith, John G.
Whittier, Mrs. Sarah Austin, and a score of other writers in prose and poetry.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

At the end of an hour the young man appeared, bringing with him a life
size medallion. Pale, quiet, and rather anxious-looking, the first impression
I received was quite favorable, and so, after setting the medallion — it was a
head of the Saviour— in a good light, I began questioning him.

"Was it a copy of anything he had ever seen, of any head, painting, engrav-
ing, medallion or cameo ?

"No — he had never seen such a head anywhere. It was altogether his own
idea of the Saviour," and either then, or at a subsequent interview, he intimat-
ed a reverence for the mysteries of Catholicism.

'*Yery well," said I — "such being the case, I am not unwilling nor afraid to
say, persevere ! You have done something quite remarkable here ; and it being
as you say, the first head you ever modeled, even in profile, and the expression
being so serious and benign, so tender and thoughtful, you deserve great praise
and warm encouragement, and have no time to lose. Come with me, and I will
put you in the way of experimenting to advantage ; and I took him up into a
large hall over my office, and said. There — I will cut a hole through the roof,
and give you a sky-light worth having, and you may go to work at once, and
we'll soon find something for you to do in the way of busts — did you ever try
your hand on a bust, "big or little?"

"Never."

"Very well— you may begin with me," and he did, and the bust he then made
is now in my library. The first experiment was a failure ; full of exaggeration
and heroic ideality. The fact is, themanwas a poet — aborn poet — and so
he thought he must serve me up, not so much as he saw me, but as he would
like to see me, and have me go down to posterity.

The second was much more successful, though idealized and exaggerated,
both in size and features. It was, however, ennobled, and on the whole, more
satisfactory to some of my partial friends than it would have been, if truer.

The fact is, that no man is the same under different aspects, and never the
same to those who know him best and those who know him least. They who
have seen you under strong excitement, or under the inspiration of some great
purpose, would never acknowledge a calm though faitliful copy. Hence carrica-
ture and exaggeration.

The great fault of Akers, up to the last of his rather short life, was a de-
ficiency in that which is indispensable for an artist, a knowledge of anatomy,
and careful habits of drawing. But he never learned to draw, and for his life,
could not have represented a hand in crayons. Like Chester Harding, he
modeled from life, and the wonders he wrought are only the more wonderful
for his ignorance of drawing.

After a few days, I happened up to his room, where he was laboring over the
mask of a dead man, with a miserable photograph to help him — one of Wash-
ington Irving's "inveterate likenesses," and notwithstanding the difliculties,
which, had he known more of the art, would have appeared insurmountable,
he succeeded in producing a very fair bust, and a very good likeness of Mr.
Bradley, a member of the bar in his neighborhood. Upon my expressing no

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

little astonishment that he should have succeeded so well, under such disheart-
ening circumstances, he said he knew Mr. Bradley well, and remembered his
looks while he was arguing a troublesome case— a capital case perhaps — many-
years before. And this undoubtedly was the truth. He had a strong sense of
individuality and a capital memory of features, which in his case were so many
facts.

The next move he made, took the shape of an alto relievo, representing the
head of Charlotte Coudray, after decapitation. It is of cabinet-size, and we
have christened it anew at his desire, "Lady Jane Grey," and in good sooth, it
gives her character, mournful, touching and very gentle, as if he had known
her personally, or had been a witness of the dreadful catastrophe.

After this he was kept employed on busts, always good likenesses, and gener-
ally of an elevated character, without being extravagantly idealized.

Then came his "Benjamin,"— life size— the only cast of which is in the
possession of Ex-Chief-Justice Shepley.

The conception was beautiful, and the graceful bending of the poor boy over
the discovered cup, natural enough to be almost captivating, though with the
sorrow and amazement indicated in his countenance, we could not help sympa-
thizing.

Soon after this, he went abroad, and set to work in Rome, with quite a num-
ber of orders, but still, not enough to satisfy the longings and aspirations of his
nature; and so he modeled the "Pearl Diver," a work of uncommon merit and
remarkable beauty, representing a youth lying at the bottom of the sea, lan-
guid, graceful, undisturbed, and full of the significant signs of blossoming
adolesence.

About this time, it was, that he married a young widow, since well-known
throughout the land, as Florence Percy, a true poet, of whom, though not a
native of Portland, as it was in Portland that she first appeared, I shall have
something to say hereafter.

After the "Pearl Diver," we heard nothing of Mr. Akers, until the story of
his last illness, and early death, fell upon the hearts of those who knew and
loved him here, like a church-yard dew.

Had he lived a few years longer, he would have built up a reputation for him-
self and his beloved country, well worth coveting. He had that in him — a far-
seeing and far-reaching spirit, a lofty, hallowed imagination, and such a solemn
sense of what man is made for, that he must have been lastingly distinguished.

He has left a younger brother, Charles — who chooses to be called Karl, from
whom good portraitures and good busts may be expected, if nothing better and
loftier. Some of his last are very promising, to say the least of them, and are
quite equal to the earlier efforts of his gifted brother.

THE CUSTOM-noUSE.

One of the most beautiful buildings to be seen anywhere, either at home or
abroad. The material is a very light-colored granite, from Concord, N. H., —
resembling the finest marble. It cost about $500,000 and has been thoroughly

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

23^

finished, and furnished within and without. It is believed to be fire-proof, and
is enriched with bronze and marble stair-ways and fire-places, and magnificent
chandeliers, and stuccoed ceilings, and our costliest native woods. Our present
collector is Ex-Governor Israel Washburn, jr., one of the most energetic and
indefatigable of all our public servants.

Our first Custom-House was a pine-shed ; the next but a little better, though
used for a store-house. The next, a Doric-Temple, very much after the fashion
of a Pierpont-stove, and built of that ugliest of all known material, the Sandy-

CUSTOM-HOUSE.

Bay granite ; then it appeared in the handsome, granite pile, with the Post-
Office on Middle-street, up to the time of the fire in '66; but this which we have
now rebuilt, is really something to boast of — a commercial Treasury and Palace,
— worthy of the sincerest admiration.

OUR ARCHITECTS.

The two Fassets, Francis H., and Edward F.— father and son — with Hard-
ing, are all we have to depend on among our townsmen, chiefly, for architectu-
ral embellishment.

For a time, we had Mr. Alexander, now of New- York, who planned the villa
of JohnB. Brown, Esquire — one of the handsomest private buildings we have

POBTLAND ILLTTSTBATED.

to boast of, and a large number of dwelling-houses and cottages, and store-
blocks, which had a marvelous effect on our taste and preferences. Mr.
Alexander was a true artist, not a mere builder, and his works testify to his
most essential qualifications.

Since he left us, we have the two Fassets, and Mr. Harding, who have done
much to beautify our streets, and settle our notions upon this subject.

And here I am reminded of a little incident, which happened soon after my
return from abroad. Something had led me, I know not how, unless it was my
habit of scribbling so much for the newspapers, to speak disparagingly of our
largest public-buildings, and churches, and of our blundering barbarism.

And so, one day, a builder — a common house-carpenter, with a good reputa-
tion, and no knowledge of drawing, who used to intermix all the orders, and
misapply all the characteristics and embellishments, called on me, and the fol-
lowing conversation ensued :

'*Mr. N.— I see that you understand artchitect,'' said he, "and I want to have
a little chat with you."

He was rather a shrewd, sensible man, but wholly ignorant of the art, being
at best, only a good stair-builder. He seemed astonished beyond measure, when
I told him that the orders of architecture in every street, and I might say in
every building, public or private, were all intermixed, and the first principles of
the science violated.

We had the Mathew Cobb-House, the Commodore Preble-House, the Canal
Bank and the Cumberland Bank, to be sure, some with pilasters and archi-
traves, and others with pediments, designed, it was said, by an Italian, about
1808— and the old Custom-House, and High-street Church, and the old City
Hall, as so many exceptions ; but apart from these, nothing that would bear
commendation. He seemed to be satisfied, at last, and while he lived, I saw no
more of his Egyptian, Greek, Eoman and Gothic combinations.

And now — just look about you, and see if we have not atoned in a measure
for our sluggishness and backwardness in a past age.

MARKET-SQUARE.

Here stands our old Town-House, or City-Hall, our theatre, and the United
States-Hotel, and not a few of our handsomest buildings. But the illustration
will speak for itself.

There has been a seeming determination lately manifested by our people, to
have the old City-Hall, or Town-House, out of the way, and a handsome square
opened for the soldiers' monument, now under consideration, and a fountain
worth having.

It cannot be denied that, on the whole, we have no better opening for such
an enterprize, nor any portion of the city which could be turned to a better ac-
count, for the purpose mentioned.

Surrounded by large, handsome buildings, blocks of stores, on both sides,
with the greatly enlarged United-States Hotel in the rear, the theatre, the
Preble-House, ou one side, and the First-Parish Church and City-Government

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

House in full view, no wonder that so many of our people are zealous and busy
on the subject. This old City-Hall, by the way, built under the superintend-
ence of our late townsman, Charles Q. Clapp, Esquire, comes nearer a correct
sample of architecture; and yet it is only a sort of dwarf Ionic, the pillars being
only six or seven diameters instead of eight or nine, and the entablature alto-
gether heavy enough for the Roman Doric, of which we had a pretty fair speci-
men in the Portico of our High-street C;hurch, with which Mr. Clapp, who had
a great deal of relish for improvements of this kind, had something to do, and
another in our old Custom-House of the Sandy-Bay granite, already mentioned.

WARD'S OPEKA HOUSE.

MARKET SQUARE.

OLD CITY HALL.

a Roman Doric. With these few exceptions — and one other — our old Ionic
Post-Office and Custom-House, of the Kennebunk granite, we had no building
of any settled order of architecture, while at the head of one of our principal
streets, there stood and still stands, a portico, intended for Ionic, the pillars of
which are from ten to twelve diameters, instead of being eight or nine, as re-
quired by the order.

But, such intermixture of orders we find everywhere, and there is a water-
gate on the Thames, by Inigo Jones, where you may find three or four distinct
orders, one above another. Of course the basement of any building, triumphal
arch, or gate- way, would require a heavier order than the upper parts ; but
then there are limits to this.

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

OTJE LANDSCAPE PAINTERS — CHARLES CODMAN.

The landscape painters, bom here, or making their first appearance here,
have given to Portland the highest reputation.

The first -Beckett — of whom a few words hereafter, began to do something
in Dr. Coe's apothecary-shop, while yet an apprentice, and, if I am not mis-
taken, several years before Codman appeared, as a painter of signs, banners

and fire-buckets. . . , ^ x «

Codman, however, may well be regarded as the pioneer m this department of
art, his pictures now commanding from five to ten times the price he ever
thought of asking in the day of his glory.

Of him, therefore, we may well venture to speak at large ; his manner being so
stamped with individuality, so natural and fresh, and so unlike that of other
painters, and yet so truthful, varied and rich, as to set him, after it was too
late, among the finest landscape-painters of the age.

But something of the man's history and personal appearance may not be un-
welcome. Of his life and labors before he came to Portland, we know little or
nothing; but that he once lived in Koxbury, or Dorchester, Massachusetts, we
know from a little circumstance mentioned hereafter.

But here, from the painting of his first picture, worth remembering —up to
the time of his death, when his reputation was established, at least here and
throughout portions of New-England, we — that is— ourself, knew him well
and watched him faithfully.

He was a small man, about five feet four, with large, dark eyes, a pleasant
countenance, and great simplicity of manner. Our acquaintance began in this
way !

Soon after I returned from over-sea, and my townsmen had given up the idea
of mobbing me, and hunting me back to Baltimore— beautiful Baltimore— I
happened to be dining at the Elm-Tavern, kept by Mr. Appleton.

While at the table, my attention was attracted by the singular appearance of
what seemed to be tapestry, or wall-painting, not fresco, of a new style. It
was a forest, or rather the opening to a forest, full of large trees reaching from
the floor to the ceiling, and so admirable, so finely characterized, that when I
left the table and examined them, I was not a little astonished to find that they
were painted in oil-cplors, but with a freedom and spirit seldom found in the
finest fresco.

Upon further enquiry, I was told by the landlord that they were painted by
—"one Charles Codman, a sign-painter, on Middle-street."

Being somewhat of an enthusiast, and having made up my mind to stay in
Portland, mob or no mob, though I had only come on a visit to my widowed
mother and twin sister, I hurried down to Codman' s work-shop— or shall we
say studio? — and found the little man up to his ears in the trumpery he had
been collecting for many a year, bows and arrows and stuffed birds, and war-
clubs, and tattered pictures, and curiosities of all kinds.

I told him what I thought of his capital trees — or tapestry, but he did not

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

seem to think much of them, nor of me, nor it may be, of my opinion, though I
soon cured him of that, by engaging a picture to be done after the same "off-
hand, free, sketchy style, without high finish— or indeed any finish. I had
been captivated— charmed— by the free-handling, sprightliness, and brave
drawing of his trees, and I wanted nothing better to begin with.
^ He undertook the job, and after laboring on it, longer, I had reason to be-
lieve, than he had ever labored on a picture before, he called me in, and I felt
obliged to say at once that I wouldn't have it for a fire-board— he had spoiled
it by overdoing — completely spoiled it, in his anxiety to please a customer who
had been familiar with galleries abroad.

"Put this picture away," said I, "but don't destroy it. By and by, after you
have done what I foresee you will do, it will be worth studying afresh."

That he felt rather down in the mouth, I could see, and so to encourage him
and justify the opinion I had expressed of his latent power, I ordered another,
and promised, if he would give me a sketch, instead of a labored picture, I
would secure him other orders, which by the way I did, without waiting for
the demonstration.

After awhile, he sent for me, and I got a picture, worthy of high praise,
which I have still in my possession, and preserve, mainly for the purpose of
showing how and where he first broke forth as a landscape-painter.

"Man alive," said I— "how on earth did you produce these catching li'^hts in
the foliage?"

After some little hesitation, he answered — "well, if you must know, I went
over all the leafing with a pin !

I laughed, of course — for what else could I do? The picture was mine — I
had engaged it, in my own language, "hit or miss," and what should interfere
with my laughing?

"Why, Codman," said I, pointing to a passage entirely overdone, "I should
think you had been a painter or tea-trays of clock-faces."

Then it was his turn to laugh. "Jess so," said he, "you've hit the nail on
the head this time. I served my time with Willard, the clock-maker, and used
to paint faces for him— clock-faces — and landscapes on glass, and there ac-
quired the facility you think so much of." From this time he had a much
better opinion of my judgment; and I secured orders from the late Simon
Greenleaf, and the late Thomas A. Deblois, and some others at once, and the
pictures he painted for them are all in existence now, I believe.

From this day, Codman kept busy, and having about given up his fire-bucket
business and sign-painting, and confined himself to banners and landscapes,
old coins and carricatures, began to throw off marine-views, mountain-scenery,
and summer-landscapes, and "Pleasant-Coves," and "Diamond-Coves," by the
half-dozen, being always sure of a customer, and his reputation was such, that
orders began to come in from other places, up to the day of his death, until
there are few collections, in our city or neighborhood without a Codman.

Since he passed away, we have had Beckett, and Tilton, and Brown — Harry

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

Brown — of whom I shall have something to say, and something to the purpose
I hope, when the time comes, and five or six more.

LINCOLN-PABK AND THE BISHOP'S MANSION.

Though young and but a baby park at the best, this charming enclosure, in
the very heart of our town, and just where the flames raged with the most un-
controllable fury, on account of the wooden buildings crowded together, for

LINCOLN PAEK, WITH THE BISHOP'S MANSION IN THE DISTANCE,

kindling-wood, promises to be, with its handsome fountain and clean cut,
winding paths and beautiful trees — when they have got more growth, one of
our most alluring features.

The Bishop, now away on a visit to the Pope, whence he may return perhaps,
with a Cardinal's hat, may well be reckoned among the most amiable, zealous and
persevering of all our Catholic clergy, and this fine building is but one of many

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

he has managed to build up in our midst, from the contributions of his people.
He has given us a nunnery, a school and a large cathedral, and we had before,
a catholic-church, with all the appropriate appendages.

The mansion you see, though built of brick, is called the Bishop's palace.
And why not ? Kensington-Palace, where the Duke of Kent lived and Queen
Victoria was born, is built of brick, and of a very inferior brick.

OUR PKOSE WRITERS

are numberless, and, almost without exception, above what may be called the
average.

Without regard to merit, or chronological order, brief sketches, outline
sketches at the most, will be introduced here and there along our way. For
many of the items hereafter produced, we shall be indebted to that most care-
fully-prepared book, lately published by Mr. Joseph Griffin, and entitled the
"Press of Maine." A labor of love, and the result probably of great experi-
ence as a printer, of uncommon patience, continued for many years, the facts
here accumulated, and judiciously condensed, are just such as no ordinary col-
lector or mere book-maker would know how to appreciate. Perhaps we may as
well begin with

SAMUEL FREEMAN.

an old-fashioned magistrate and judge, of the revolutionary type, and actually
bearing a great resemblance to Washington himself, both in features and bear-
ing— courteous, dignified and reserved.

He was the editor of "Smith's Journal," a treasury of household incidents
and historical facts, relating to Falmouth and Portland, published in 1821.

The Rev. Thomas Smith, who was settled over the First-Parish Church, of
Portland, in 1727, had begun to keep this journal, in 1719, and continued to
keep it up to 1788, though he lived till 1795, and died at the age of ninety-three.

The Rev. Samuel Deane, was associated with Parson Smith, 1764, and after
his death became the sole pastor until 1809, when the Rev. Ichabod Nichols
was ordained, so that we have what is called "Smith & Deane's Journal," to
strengthen our recollections.

Mr. Freeman was the author of three valuable treatises, the "Massachusetts
Town-Officer," the "Clerk's Assistant," and "Probate Directory;" all works of
authority, and notwithstanding the changes in our law, hardly yet superseded,
though out of print.

THE REV. ICHABOD NICHOLS

may be reckoned among our earliest and best writers.

From this amiable and most excellent man, we have a volume on "Natural
Theology," another on "Natural History and Hours with the Evangelists," two
volumes, four hundred pages each, with addresses, discourses, &c., &c.,— all
works of uncommon worth, although eminently unpretending, and unostenta-
tious, like their author.

No man among us, certainly no preacher, among the many we have had, and

POBTLAND ILLUSTBATED,

still have, with a name to live, as we trust, ever labored more dilligently and
faithfully than this warm-hearted, christian gentleman and accomplished
scholar — though a Unitarian.

Following the work on Natural History, by Dr. Nichols, though after a long
interval, we had from

ISAAC KAY, M. D.,

* 'Conversations on the Animal Economy," "Lectures on Botany," both quite
remarkable for clearness and precision of language, and special adaptation to
the wants of our school-reachers, &c.

When Dr. Ray first came to Portland, he entered upon the practice of his
profession, but having more leisure than he wanted, he began lecturing on bot-
any, in the old Quaker Meeting-House, corner of School and Federal-streets,
and met with decided encouragement, being himself a sincere lover of the
science, and familiar with all the kindred sciences.

After the publication of the two works mentioned, he left Portland for East-
port, where he confined himself to his profession, until translated to Augusta,
where he took charge of our Insane- Asylum, which he made so famous that he
was beguiled into leaving us for another and larger institution in Rhode-Island,
which under his admirable management acquired the highest reputation.

Meanwhile, not having enough to occupy him over sixteen hours a day,
he prepared and published his quiet work on medical jiirisprudence, which of
itself, were enough to justify all that can be said of his unconquerable spirit of
enquiry, of his conscientiousness, and manly independence. To the legal as to
the medical profession, this work, lately passed through a second and perhaps
a third edition, is of inestimable worth. No phase of insanity is over-looked,
or left unsettled, so far as the large experience which the author in the treat-
ment of the insane had verified, or investigated.

What he may be doing now, we are unable to say ; but this much we know,
that he cannot be idle, and that he has within him, aspirations that cannot be
quenched; and therefore it is, that we shall be disappointed if we do not find
his comparative leisure in Philadelphia, coined into ingots of wisdom, if not
of gold.

HISTORICAL INCIDENTS — WELL WOETH MENTIONING.

In 1658, Massachusetts, our mother-in-law, took it into her head to insist on
exclusive jurisdiction over about forty thousand acres of the Gorges' grant, in-
cluding Portland, Cape-Elizabeth, Westbrook and Falmouth, and setting her
seal upon the tract, christened Lhe whole Falmouth.

In August, 1676 — the whole territory was laid waste by the Indians, and all
the inhabitants either butchered or "captivated," as our forefathers called the
capturing of their adversaries.

And again in 1689, after the villages had begun to re-appear and flourish anew,
and the population had greatly increased, another Indian war broke out, and

ain Falmouth was ravaged with fire and sword ; thirteen of her foremost men

POBTLANB ILLUSTBATED. 33

fell into an ambusli of Indians and French, on Munjoy's Hill, and were hewed
to pieces like Agag before Samuel, and the settlement was broken up anew.

And just here too, was perpetrated one of the acts of that dreadful tra-edy of
which we have a faithful record by that old-fashioned pilgrim, Cotton Mather' in
his account of the "Salem Witchcraft." '

In 1679, the Eev. George Burroughs, a graduate of Harvard-College, came
here to live, and was a settled preacher, and a meeting-house was built for him,
on the point where the Portland Company's works are now established.

After a while, though evidently '^acceptable" to his parish, Mr. Burroughs
went back to Salem, and there in process of time, was convicted of witchcraft
and hung; the testimony against him being first, that beheld out a heavy
musket-Kmg's arms probably-at arm's length, with his middle finger in the
barrel, if I do not mistake; and secondly, that he was supposed to have deal-
ings with a black-man, and once appeared suddenly where he was wholly
unexpected, among people who had gone into the woods before him; after
berries, perhaps. And so, the poor fellow was put to death, according to law.

In 1813, a sea-fight took place between the Boxer, a British sloop-of-war
fourteen guns, and our Enterprize, another sloop-of-war, almost within si-ht
of our people. Both of the commanders, Blythe and Burroughs, were killed
and lay side by side in the same dark, low cabin — where I saw them The
colors of the Boxer had been nailed to the mast, so that when the battle was
over, she could not strike her ensign, and suffered accordingly. We lost one
man killed and thirteen wounded, of whom three died. The British had four-
teen wounded, but how many killed was never known, though her decks were
swept, from her bow aft, over and over again, and she was hulled several times
with eighteen-pound shot, by one of which her gallant commander, Blythe
was literally cut in two. '

But one of the most remarkable events in our home history, was the re-cap-
ture of our Eevenue-Cutter, the Caleb Cushing. This was in 1803.

Capt. C. W. Keade, of the Rebel bark, Tacony, entered Portland harbor at
midnight, in a fishing-schooner, and cut out the Caleb Cushing.

As soon as she was missed from her anchorage, almost under the guns of
Fort Gorges and Fort Preble — a daring and most hazardous enterprize, it must
be acknowledged -our whole population took fire, and no time was lost in
obtaining thirty men from Fort Preble, and over a hundred volunteers, with
pilots, gunners and naval officers, and plenty of ammunition, who went on board
the New York steamer Chesapeake, and started for the daring pirate. She was
found becalmed near the Green-islands. But Captain Reade was unwilling to
await the issue, and so, after a slight hesitation, he set fire to the Caleb Cush-
ing, and took to his boats, and after a few minutes, the fire reached her
magazine, and she blew up with a tremendous explosion, almost within rifle
shot of our whole population. Her crew, twenty-three in all, were pursued,
captured, and lodged in Fort Preble.

To our Mayor, Captain Jacob McLellan, and Jedediah Jewett, our Collector
at the time, belongs the credit of this clever, dangerous, and almost fool-

34 POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

hardy enterprize, since a single broadside, or a single heavy shot, might have
sent the Chesapeake to the bottom, or swept her decks of nobody knows how
many fathers of families, wholly inexperienced, and wholly unprepared for
such a catastrophe. Nevertheless, it must be acknowledged, that the under-
taking was quite of a piece with some of our doings in the harbor of Tripoli,
where Somers and Wadsworth offered themselves up for the rescue of the Phil-
adelphia, by fire ; and so it seems to have been thought by the Secretary of the
Treasury, who compUmented the leaders of this achievment, for their spirit and
gallantry.

mechanics' hall.

This very handsome and classical building, at the corner of Congress and
Casco-streets, well deserves the highest commendation. The front is of a fine-
grained, smoothly-chiselled, light-colored granite, the sides of pressed-brick. It
cost ninety thousand dollars, and was built in 1856.

Its position on Congress-street, our widest thoroughfare, just where it cannot
be overlooked nor passed by, without engaging the attention of a stranger, was
exceedingly well-chosen, and may be regarded as a standing certificate of
talent, taste and foresight in our mechanics, who have made great advances
within the last fifteen or twenty years.

It contains a large and very pleasant lecture-room, where a great variety of
unobjectionable entertainments are always under way.

It has a library of more than four thousand volumes, carefully selected, and
in every way adapted to the wants of the mechanics' association, which came
together at first, and is now perpetuated, for charitable purposes toward the

The architectural embellishments, though modest and unpretending, and the
whole appearance of the building, both within and without, testify in uimiis-
takable terms to the substantial and predominant characteristics of our builders
and artisans, whether as masons, plasterers, carpenters, stone-cutters, or
finishers. To say all in a word, there are few such buildings to be found
anywhere, devoted to the brotherhood of mechanics, and the wholesome effect
of that undertaking on our workmen, from the lowest to the highest, has been
acknowledged more and more every year, by our large property-holders, and
leading business-men, from the day it was finished.

Of this institution, L. F. Pingi-ee is President, and Geo. C. Littlefield, Vice-
President, both earnest, active, conscientious men, faithful alike to their
associates and to the public at large.

OUR CLERGY.

That Portland has been greatly favored in her spiritual teachers, from the
days of her earliest history, cannot be denied.

Always honest and zealous, and sometimes greatly distinguished, her clergy
have always upheld the reputation of our community and our commonwealth.

1401478

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 35

Up from the day of Mr. Burroughs, the wizard, to those of Mr. Smith Mr
Kellogg (father of the author), Dr. Payson, Dr. Nichols, Dr. Dwicrht Dr Vail'
Dr. Taylor, Dr. Shailer, Dr. Carruthers, Mr. Hayden, Mr. Stebbiiis,''Mr Streeter'

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

Mr. Bowles, Mr. Wliitman, Mr. Ridgway, Mr. Frotliingliam, Mr. Burgess, Dr.
Chickering, Bishop Bacon and Bishop Neely, and half a hundred more, Port-
land has never been without a strong and hearty representation of all the
different denominations that abound here.

Of the whole, perhaps, no one has been more readily, or more lastingly
known, wherever Knox, Calvin, or Jonathan Edwards bear sway, or where-
ever they have been regarded as types of Christian charity, than Dr. Edward
Payson.

That he was a great and good man, though it must now be acknowledged,
rather intolerant, will not be denied, since, long after shutting his pew-
door in the face of a universalist preacher, because he saw the '-blood of souls
on his gannents," he underwent a material change in his manner of speech, if
not in his opinion. Great good was accomplished by his ministry, and though
much bitterness prevailed, and a lamentable controversy raged for a long while
between the Avorshippers of Dr. Payson and the believers in Dr. Nichols and
Mr. Kellogg, that bitterness died out in progress of time, and the circumstances
which led to the controversy have been forgiven, and it is to be hoped, for-
gotten by all parties.

Dr. Carruthers, one of our ablest theologians and preachers, now occupies the
desk of what many regarded as the translated church of Dr. Payson — called
the ''Payson Memorial Church," on Congress-street; and they who are inclined
to believe in at least, a modified form of Apostolic succession, will not be sup-
posed to question the legitimacy of the title, whereby the Dr. is claimed to
represent, not only Dr. Payson' s church, but Dr. Payson himself.

Before Dr. Carmthers, Ave had Dr. Tail and Dr. Tyler, to feed the fires, not
of persecution, but of a faithful, zealous and patient ministering in the holy
office, with a growing charity toward all men, while contending foot to foot,
and inch by inch, Avith Avhat they believed to be heresy and error. In a word,
Ave have reason to be thankful, and perhaps proud, if pride may be thought
wholesome or alloAvable in such a case, for the favor these men have met Avith,
in the discharge of their duties. God's ambassadors they all are, or claim to
be, and all have been largely prospered and greatly enriched with "seals of
their ministry," and "croAvns of rejoicing."

OUR NEAVSPAPEES AXD PEKIODICALS.

We have been gi-eatly favored for the last thirty or forty years in all that
belongs to our newspapers and periodicals.

Both editors and sub-editors, both coadjutors and locals, have been, Avith two
or three exceptions, far above the average. Most of them are, and have been
for long years, Avell educated, conscientious, liberal-minded, cautious men, and
not a fcAV had been laAvyers in regular practice, before they undertook the busi-
ness of editorship. In a AA'ord, take them together, if Ave had a population of a
hundred thousand or so, Ave might Avell afford to keep Avhat Ave have^ and only
add to their numbers, instead of changing.

POE TLA ND ILL USTRA TED.

REFOKM-SCIIOOL.

This liberal institution, now under the guardianship of Mr. Eben Wentworth,
principal, has not been many years in operation, but long enough to satisfy our
people that indeed, and in truth, it deserves all that has been said in its favor;
fulfilling our highest expectations, and saving in society hundreds of youth,'
who, but for this home, and the home-discipline they are subjected to, might-
have become and would have probably become, the scourge of our neighbor-
hood, or tenants of our State-Prison.

The building itself, as you see it, is something of the Elizabeth style, substan-

KEFORJI SCHOOL.

tial, convenient, and picturesque, without being obtrusive or showy. The
grounds are extensive and well-managed, and their productiveness, uiuler
the judicious labor of the boys, quite encouraging and satisfactory.

It stands about two miles in a direct line, from the heart of our city, and may
be regarded as one of the most attractive features of the landscape— or pano-
rama— that spreads from horizon to horizon, with the White-^Mountains and
the open-sea in full view, and numberless farms and small villages clustering
along toward the North and Wesi;, while Cape-Elizabeth, Ligouia, Ferry- Vil-

POBTLAND ILL USTBA TED.

lage, Kniglitville, Turner's Island, the Rolling-Mills, the Gas-Works, and some
of our largest Railways lie Avithin a half cannon-shot.

OUE POETS — ?ir. p. WILLIS.

One of our most beautiful prose-writers, beyond all question, graceful,
sprightly and captivating, especially to the newspaper- world, but after all, more
distinguished for his poetical contributions to our periodical literature.

Never a good story-teller, in print, and often running into extravagances, where,
venturing largely, and most anxious to satisfy our expectations, he may be
reckoned among the very best of our periodical contributors and essayists. For
example — in one of his stories, purporting to be seasoned with personal adven-
tures, he hides the hero, or at least, one of the characters, in the long grass of
some river-side, stark-naked, while certain ladies are wandering and chatting
a little way off, and along the opposite bank.

At another time, and in another story, he rigs out his hero in the dress of a
chamber-maid, and actually employs him in the service of two traveling ladies,
who, it seems, were well known, and who, of course, were furiously indignant.

But after all, these are but trifles, and only go to show that, however charm-
ing he might be as a letter-Avriter, and newspaper-gossip, he was not the man
for a lengthened story, with plot, character and incidents.

Though born here, it is not known that he ever tried his hand at poetry— or
prose— until long after his father, N'athaniel Willis, removed to Boston, and he
himself, had entered Yale College, where he wrote some of his very best poems,
and the beautiful illustrations of Scripture, with which the religions world are
so familiar.

My knowledge of Mr. Willis and our acquaintance, which continued many
years, began in this way.

While in charge of the Yankee, about 1828, my attention was attracted day
after day, by flashes of uncommon significance and beauty, in some Boston
papers. Seldom longer than a dozen lines or so, the verses I saw were always
delicate, original and peculiar.

Upon enquiry, after having said my say about them in the Yankee, I learned
from the author himself, that his name was Willis— but Willis of where?
Willis of what family? Nobody could tell me, and nobody seemed to know.

After awhile, we met in Boston, and he opened up to me a plan he had of
going abroad, and working his passage through half Europe, on foot.*

Not being acquainted with any but his native language, I advised him to get
familiar with at least, one other, French, befoi-e he ventured among people
whom he could not understand, and who could not understand him, under any
emergency; urging that, otherwise, he would have to associate with his own
countrymen, or with some other English-speaking travelers, and that, after all,
he was about entering upon a system of exchange, or barter, where the more he
took with liim, the more he would bring back.

Soon after this, instead of going abroad, he entered upon a literary life,
conducting first a Souvenir, and then a Monthly, at Boston, which he made

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

sufficiently attractive, though it was far from being profitable, either to the
proprietors or to himself.

His next move was toward the N'ew-York Mirror, with which he was after-
ward connected, and of which, after a change of title, he became co-editor,
with Morris.

And here began that career, which has made him quite famous. He was first
sent on a trip along our North-western frontier, by General Morris, with only
fifty dollars in his pocket, furnished by Morris, on trial. Then, after a time,
and his letters came to be generally copied throughout the land, he went abroad,
where his acquaintance with Miss Porter, Lady Blessington — and Captain
Marryatt — made him specially notorious, both over sea and at home.

Then came a volume of spirited sketches, with a large correspondence, and
then he returned a married man, having secured a beautiful English girl, and
settled down to his work with Morris, on the Mirror.

From this time, up to the day of his untimely death, he occupied a position,
which nobody thought of questioning. The Home-Journal became a leading
authority on all questions of social interest, of etiquette and fashionable life,
and so continues to this day.

Meanwhile he brought forth his best prose writings, and two or three volumes
of poetry — lost his English wife, and re-married to a second lovely and most
attractive woman — a neice of the Hon. Moses Grinnell.

While abroad, Mr. Willis had for a traveling companion, Brantz Mayer, of
Baltimore, and they were so much alike in stature, personal appearance, and
general bearing, that they were supposed to be brothers — at least, both being
full six feet, well-proportioned, with brown hair, large, handsome eyes, and
the best of manners — though Willis, between ourselves, was rather more of a
coxcomb than Mayer ; both being high-bred and gentlemanly, but Willis having
a touch of daintiness and fastidiousness, on most occasions, and sometimes a
kind of superciliousness, rather cockneyish, so that after his return from
England, he would answer your questions with a sort of drawling intonation,
and offer his oldest friends a finger to shake — in a word, he was for showing
off all that he had learned of Lady Blessington's associates, and of their lordling
manners.

But nevertheless, it cannot be denied that Mr. N. P. Willis was one of our
best writers, both in prose and poetry, and taken "by and large," a man for
his brethren and his country to be proud of.

SABAII PAYSON WILLIS.

Better known all over our country, and elsewhere, as Fanny Fern. She was
a sister of N. P. Willis, and born here about 1811. Her father was Nathaniel
Willis, who, after establishing the Eastern Argus, a capital paper from the first,
began to have his misgivings and forebodings under the earnest and faithful
expostulations of Dr. Payson, and tried, but in vain, to change the Argus into a
religious paper, leaving the great Democratic party without a leader. This

POETLAND ILLUSTRATED,

would never do. The Democrats and Federalists — or Eepublicans and Fed-
eralists— were battling for life, like men overboard, after a shipwreck.

And so Mr. Willis left Portland forever, went to Boston, and there estab-
lished the first religions paper in our country. This was in 1816.

Fanny Fern's first book, "Fern Leaves," appeared in 1853, and had a sale of
ninety thousand copies, according to Mr. Griffin.

Her next volume, entitled Little Ferns for Fanny's Little Friends, was
published in 1853, and had a very large sale.

In May, 1854, the second series of Fern Leaves appeared, and then Eutli
Hall and Kose Clark — after which, up to her death, in 1872, she was a regular
contributor to the New- York Ledger.

Sprightly, sarcastic, playful, and quite unlike all other writers in our lan-
guage, she held on her way to the last, with an ever-growing reputation,
altogether equal to that of her brother, and more captivating, with more
originality and more archness, mingled with a larger share of downright com-
mon sense.

OUE MUSICIAIS'S.

Our people have always had a strong relish for music, but no performers,
until within the last thirty or forty years.

Never without one or more good vocalists, like John or Jack Woodman, as he
was called, of the Old, or First Parish, we were always looking out for some-
thing better, and for genuine co-operation.

At last, we have begun to to get up associations, and have persevered until
the following are firmly established, and the musical taste and aptitude of our
people are no longer questioned as to what we are. We have oratorios, operas,
concerts, attractive church-choirs, glee-clubs, &c., &c., all the year round.

We have the "Haydn Association," with Herman Kotzschmar, a highly
gifted and thoroughly educated artist, for conductor; the "Rossini Club," an
association of women— ladies if you wish— thirty-five in number, who have
regular meetings at Rossini Hall, in the City-Building; the "Kreutzer Club,"
W. H. Dennett, conductor, a fine musician, a capital teacher, aud a real enthu-
siast, having been thoroughly trained in Italy. The "Arion Club," another
association of thirty-seven, all men, who are specially given to choruses from
the German; Samuel Thurston, conductor, whose rich voice and feeling
intonations are not likely to be forgotten or undervalued in this generation ; the
"Portland Band," J. Cole, conductor, another enthusiast in his way, and well
qualified for the sitution he fills, and the "Musical Club," newly organized,
and made up altogether of young women, so that on the whole, Portland would
seem to be doing her part in establishing a musical reputation for this part of
our country. And then we have Chandler's Band, conducted by Chandler
himself, an association of singular merit, and thoroughly trained.

Nor must we forget our young townsman, Paine, whose Oratorio of St.
Peter, the first and only Oratorio ever produced in America, has received such
universal commendation. Not having heard it, nor seen the score, we have to
depend upon others for the opinion expressed.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

And then, there is Miss Carey, not a native of Portland, to be sure, but of
the immediate neighborhood, since notwithstanding her long absence in Italy,
she continues to identify herself with our finest musical celebrities.

And just now, while engaged upon this paragraph relating to music and to our
musical achievements, my attention has been attracted by a published letter from
quite a number of our Portland leaders in society, to Mr. Will H. Stockbridge,
a Portland boy, now in London, urging him to accept a complimentaiy concert,
on his return to us. Of him too, we have high expectations.

TJ. S. MARIJfE HOSPITAL.

The grounds upon which this beautiful building stands, cost fifteen thousand
dollars, but how much the building itself may have cost, cannot be ascertained

U. S. MARINE HOSPITAL.

without application to head-quarters at Washington. It was undertaken about
twenty years ago, and successive appropriations have been made from time to
time, until its final completion, as it now stands.

Beyond all question, it is one of the best proportioned, and most beautiful of
our public buildings; and occupying as it does a conspicuous elevation, over-
looking our whole city, and Casco-Bay, with the islands for which we are so
celebrated, and the open sea, along the whole sweep of the horizon.

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

OUR SCULPTORS — FEAKKMN SIMMOISTDS.

This young man, already so widely known and so highly appreciated, was
born but the other day at Auburn, a village about thirty miles from Portland,
if I do not mistake.

Of his early life I know little or nothing, and as the man himself is a long
way off, at Kome, Italy, we must confine ourselves to what we personally know
of him until we meet again.

My first acquaintance with young Simmonds occurred about 1860, and greatly .
resembled, in many particulars, my first meeting with Akers.

One day, the Rev. Mr. Bos worth, one of our ablest and best men, called on
me, and asked my company to visit a young friend of his, who had taken to
modelling in clay, and seemed bewitched with the charms of sculpture.

On arriving at his room, we found one bust, and one only, under-way. Not
having seen the original, I could not of course judge of the resemblance ; but
so stamped with individuality, and so strongly indicated were all the features
and characteristics of somebody, that I felt sure, and said as much, absolutely
sure of the likeness.

I saw that the artist had experience in drawing, and was evidently favored
by nature in that department ; but his drawing was hard and obtrusive — and
the head a sort of clay photograph, without a line or feature out of place, or
exaggerated or diminished. For a first essay in portraiture, as I understood it,
he had been quite successful ; but then there were faults to be corrected, and
propensities to be overcome, and I told him wliat they were, according to my
notions.

In the first place, the lines were more like those of an engraver, with a rigid
material — they wanted softness and generalizing. In the next place, the hair,
that most difficult of all things to represent in marble, where it cannot be
massed, but requires to be lightened and loosened, was curled and twisted like
so much molasses-candy.

He bore my criticisms like a christian — a christian martyr, I might say — and
lost no time in changing what he acknowledged to be amiss, though I cautioned
him against any change of style that his own deliberate connections did not
encourage and justify.

"You must depend altogether upon yourself," said I—" altogether. Take
what hints you may from others, or what suggestions, but only so far as they
correspond with your individual convictions. You are to answer — and only
you— to yourself, and to the world, for your ultimate conclusions, whoever may
counsel or approve, or disapprove. In other words, if you are ever to be any-
body, you must be yourself, and not another. Admire as you may, and rever-
ence as you may, the counsellors of large experience who beset your path.
Hear them patiently, treat them well, by listening, and then do your best ac-
cording to your own perceptions ; and after awhile, what there is in you will
manifest itself, and you will have your reward," &c., &c.

After this, he labored on busts for a long while — among others upon one of

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

myself now in the Portland-Institute and Public-Library — and it cannot be de-
nied that he rapidly improved and grew into a habit of generalization, much to
be desired in portraiture, if one would not photograph his finest foces.

And then he got married, and visited Italy, with several orders, to encourage
him, and there, by himself, and for the first time, ventured upon full lengtl's,
portraitures and allegorical figures and statuary.

Tlie first of his achievements which indicated the out-f!ow of his native pow-
ers, ripened and strengthened by severe study and great enthusiasm, was an ideal
statue of Roger Williams, for the city of Providence— an admirable embodiment
of the Puritan character, and in every way remarkable for simplicity, strength
and naturalness, without parade, or flourish, or pretention.

The next, was a remarkably fine subject and the conception was worthy of the
subject. It was the Mother of Moses with a child in her lap, life-size. The atti-
tude, the sweet mournful expression of that Hebrew face, the drapery and all
the accompanymg appendages are of such a character, so decidedly original, so
charged with deep-seated, unappeasable sorrow, that, if he should never do any-
thing more, it would fix the reputation of Simmonds forever, as a poet and
sculptor.

Meanwhile, he turned off a number of busts, which, if they are equal to one of
Story, the sculptor, must be more than satisfying to the originals and their friends.

And now we find him busy on Soldiers' Monuments, one for Providence, and
another for Portland — which last is a very fine, spirited composition, although
he proposes to furnish another at his leisure.

Meanwhile, having lost his wife in Italy, he has returned to Pwome, and will
there abide until the orders already under way are accomplished to his satisfac-
tion. A bust of the Hon. John B. Brown, which he completed just before his
late return to Italy, is very fine and very just.

But happen what may, this young man has already done enough to show tliat
he belongs in the foremost rank of sculptors, living or dead.

OUE MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONS.

About all the medical systems now recognized, except the Thompsonian, or
screw-auger sy-^stem, with its lobalia for every ailment, like the blue-pills of
Abernethy, and the yellow mustard-seed of the school that appeared— and dis-
appeared— about 1823 — are represented here.

We have the Allopathic, the Homeopathic, the Eclectic, the hydropathic and
the vegetarian, all under way, and the two first-mentioned occupying a bound-
less field, very jealous of each other, very uncharitable, but always in full blast.

So far is the antipathy carried, that the Homeopath ics, who count among
their brethren some of the ablest, best-educated, and clearest-headed men
among us, many of the foremost having been Allopaths of large practice, until
their convictions and experience obliged them to go through a second coui-se of
experiments in liomeopathy — so far is this antipathy carried — that they arc
excluded from the Cumberland Medical-Association, the members of which
being forbidden to associate with them in practice, to hold consultations with

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

them ; and they are not even allowed to intermeddle with the management of
the Maine General-Hospital, nor to have so much as a ward assigned them,
though many homeopathists are among the liberal contributors to this enter-
prize.

And this, while the Allopaths, following the Homeopaths, have about given
up their bleeding, purging, blistering and emetics, and diminished their princi-
pal medicines almost infinitesimally.

ISTevertheless — and notwithstanding this much to be lamented jealousy, we
have reason to be proud of our medical men as a body ; our surgeons are distin-
guished, our physicians of acknowledged skill and worth, and even our surgeon-
dentists, as they have begun to be called, are distinguished, and deservedly so ;
for we have some of the best now living.

Of our ''Cumberland County Medical Society," Dr. Thomas A. Foster is
President, Dr. Charles O. Files, Secretary, and Dr. H. N. Small, Treasurer—
all of Portland.

Of our ''Maine Medical Association," Dr. A. P. Snow, of Winthrop, is Presi-
dent, Dr. Charles O. Hunt, of Portland, Secretary.

OUR POETLAIS^D DISPEJfSABY,

seems to be misistering most efficiently to the wants of the poor. The officers
and physicians receive no pay. Medicines and medical attendance are furnished
gratuitiously.

Dr. N. A. Hersom, F. A. Stanley, and C. O. Files, are the attending physi-
cians, and Drs. I. T. Dana and S. H. Weeks, consulting physicians.

BOARD OF TEADE.

Never was a more timely, never a more efEectual organization, than that of
our leading business-men, out of which issued the "Board of Trade."
^ Already it has brought us acquainted with ourselves, and sent our representa-
tives. East, West, North and South, for consultation with all the business-
centers of our country. And the result is just what we hoped for, but even the
most sanguine hardly expected, till years had gone by.

Of this admirable Institution, T. C. Hersey, is President, A. K. Shurtleff,
Israel Washburn, jr., (our Collector and late Governor), andH. I. Libby, Yice-
Presidents, with a board of Directors, who would be a credit to any commercial
metropolis. Connected with this, we have the

merchants' exchastge.

The nucleus of what we shall have, and must have, by-and-by, so that our
active business-men, our lawyers, merchants and shippers, will have a place to
go to, in all weathers, for bargaining and consultation.

Of this organization, the Directors are A. K. Shurtleff, Chas. H. Milliken
Wm. W. Thomas, H. M. Payson, and M. K Rich -all substantial men of large
and varied experience, who may be depended upon to carry out the enterprize
they have m contemplation, as soon as they are allowed to get their breath, after

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

the pressure of last September, when the whole country seemed struck with
paralysis for a time, but is now steadily recovering. Such periodical attacks
are always to be expected in the business- world— but they are never lasting.
The tide ebbs and flows.

MAINE GKNEKAL-HOSPITAL.

This institution, one of many, of which some account will be found in this
little book, established in love to that small part of the great human family of
sufferers, in whom we have a special interest, occupies what were known as the
Arsenal-Grounds," on Bramhall's Hill, of two and a-half acres.

More than tifty thousand dollars have been raised by private subscription
among ourselves in tbe city, while the State has contributed twenty thousand
dollars, conditionally, together with these "Arsenal-G-rounds." These conditions
having been more than fulfilled, the buildings are now, so near completion as to
make it sure that, before long, we shall have a magnificent charity in full opera-
tion to be thankful for.

Hon. John B. Brown, President, Hon. J. T. McCobb, Treasurer, and F. H.
Gerrish, Esquire, Secretary.

The central-building is five stories with a mansard-roof; and there are, as you
see, four pavillions, with an amphitheatre, a boiler-house and kitchen.

From every window there is a wide, rich and beautiful prospect of the whole
surrounding country; and from every part, either a view of the sea and the
Cove, or a view of the White-Mountains, of ISTew-Hampshire, sixty miles away^
with all the intervening villages and elevations, woods and waters, and being
always open to the sea-breezes on one side, and to the winnowed atmosphere of
our Switzerland, upon the other, a store-house of health and vitality, the sick and
languishing, may be sure of nature's best and surest help at all seasons.

OUR ROLLING-MILLS.

This large and flourishing establishment, is situated on the Cape Elizabeth side
of Vaughan's bridge, accessible by Fore-river, and connected with the railways of
the city by a bridge. In 1872, they turned out fourteen thousand tons of rails,
and in 1873, fourteen thousand, seven hundred and forty-four tons, and employed
two hundred men. Francis McDonald, President, Geo. E. B, Jackson, Treasurer.

THE FOREST-CITY SUGAR-REFINERY.

This building, arranged for the manufacture of crushed, powdered and granulated
sugars, which have a high character in all our markets, is two hundred and
seventy-five feet long by fifty feet wide, and five stories high, with a superficial
area therefore of sixty-eight thousand, seven hundred and fifty feet. H. I.
Libby, President, T. C. Ilersey, Treasurer and Business-Manager.

OUR SAFE DEPOSIT-VAULTS,

may well be regarded with admiration. Uniting all improvements up to this
hour, it is beyond all question, absolutely fire and burgular-proof, with watch-

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

men and all other arrangments to secure depositors, and a pleasant room, at 97
Exchange-street. '

OUR DRY-DOCK.

This company incorporated in 1868, has two fine docks, on the plan of Simp-
son's patent. The larger is four hundred and twenty-five feet long, and one
hundred feet wide, with a superficial area therefore of forty-two thousand, four
hundred square feet, while the depth of water on the gate-sill, at ordinary high
tide, is twenty-three feet, the largest draught of all the dry-docks in our country.

DllY-i)0(Jlv.

It will probably accommodate anything afloat, under the tonnage or draught of the
Great Eastern.

The smaller is one hundred and seventy-five feet long by eighty feet wide,
having a superficial area of fourteen thousand feet, with a depth of twelve feet on
the gate-sill, at ordinary high tide. The company hold twenty-five acres of land
fronting the harbor on the Cape Elizabeth side.

OUR LA^\nfERS— THE CUMBERLAND-BAR ASSOCIATION.

For the last fifty or sixty years, the Portland-Bar has been greatly distin.
guished.

From the days of Stephen W. Longfellow, father of the poet; Trcntice Mellen,
father of Grenville, another poet, Daniel Davis, Nicholas Emery, Ezckiel
mitman, Simon Greenleaf, Charles S. Davie, ^Yilliam Pitt Preble, our judges
from the Cumberland Bar, and our lawyers left in practice, have stood high for
legal attainments and liberal practice. Nor have they fallen ofE to this day, the
older members bearing aloft the un-smirched banner of their earlier predecessors,
and the younger, standing in their stirups, with lance in rest, and eye on the
opening future.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

Of this association, the Hon. Joseph Howard, late a judge, of our Superior-
Court, is President, and IS'athan Webb, Esquire (U. S. District Attorney),
Vice-President, Thomas McGiven, Secretary and Treasurer.

OF THE GEEEKLEAF LAW-IilBEABY,

Judge Howard is also President, and Byron D. Yerrill, Clerk and Treasurer. Of
its two thousand five hundred volumes, one thousand two hundred and
sixty-nine were the gift of Mrs. Simon Creenleaf, whose husband, one of
the foremost lawyers of his day, was for many long years a leading member of
the Cumberland-Bar, residing in Portland, from about 1814, imtil he took the
chair in Harvard-College, as Royal Professor, where he continued up to the
time of his death.

geajstd aemy of the eepublic,

Is made up of the honorably discharged soldiers and sailors of the United-
States, army and navy. The members aggregate over half a million.

Post Boswoth, No, 2, whose head-quarters are at Mechanics' -Hall, has been,
it is said, "of essential service in carrying out the objects of the order in our
midst." We can readily believe this, for the members are tried men, whole-
hearted men, and they know what help means, and what charity means, for
the widow and the fatherless, who have the strongest hold upon their country ;
God prosper them !

H. P. Ingalls, Commander, Caleb N. Lang, Senior Vice Commander, Chas.
A. Robinson, Junior Yice Commander, Nahum A. Hersom. Surgeon, George
W. Bicknell, Chaplain.

And then we have in addition to all these charities —

the poetland aemy and navy union,

organized in 1866. Head-quarters corner of Congress and Brown-streets.
A. W. Bradbury, President, William E. Dennison, John O. Rice, Geo. E.
Brown, Yice-Presidents, Thomas J. Little, Treasurer.

A large military library and reading-room is connected with the head-quar-
ters, and as they are in the habit of raising funds by lectures and concerts,
eminently successful thus far, there is good reason to hope for a large charitable
fund for the helpless and the needy in due time. They have done much
hitherto, but will do more of course, hereafter.

OUE PEOSE-W^EITEES — EEV. DE. CHICKEEING.

Pastor of the High-street church for some twenty years, and now general
agent for the National Temperance League, wrote and published while here, Tl:ie
Hill-side-Church, a series of essays for young men, a sermon before the Maine
Missionary Society, in 1846, a Temperance Address, in 1854, a tract, "What is it
to believe in Christ," and sundry funeral discourses — all eminently character-
istic of the man himself, hearty, earnest, solemn and appreciative — in short, the
every day preaching of a good man, thoroughly convinced, and therefore thor-

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

oughly convincing, both in the pulpit and out. No man ever labored more
faithfully, and few have been more successful in the ministry, and we may
hope that he has not wholly thrown aside the pen, while engaged in what he
and others may regard as a higher duty.

K^ATIIANIEL DEERIXG.

When Mr. Deering first chipped the shell, he was the acknowledged humorist
of Portland ; being full of pleasantry and playfulness, and never sarcastic,
never malicious nor spiteful, as wits are always inclined to be.

Mr. Deering published Carabasset, a play, in 1830, embodying and verifying

LOOKING DOWN MIDDLE STREET, FROM MARKET SQUARE.

certain traditions of our early predecessors, the rod-men of our Xorthem
wilderness.

Also, Bozzaris, a tragedy of considerable merit.

And lots of ballads and verses, which have heretofore appeared only in the
newspapers, but well deserve to be collected.

His early prose-writings, though but occasional, were very pleasant reading,
and greatly enjoyed by his contemporaries, forty or fifty years ago.

DOWN MIDDLE-STBEET FROM MARKET-SQUARE.

On casting your eye over this plate, you will observe in the left a lin-

50 POBTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

-ering specimen of the style our stores - even the handsomest and best-
were built in before the fire. The first in the left-hand block survived the fire.
Bevond this there is a succession of larger and much higher warehouses, some
of brick some covered with mastic, and some of the Kova-Scotia Albert-stone,
some of Connecticut free-stone, as far along Middle-street as the eye can sweep.

And now if we turn our attention to the right, we shall see first another low-
.tudded memento of the fire, and then a block of high, four-story warehouses,
built within a few years, with here and there one of less attractiveness, running

down to Union-street. 1^1-4.

And then comes the Falmouth-House, built by J. B. Brown, our wealthiest,
and upon the whole perhaps, most enterprising of all our business-men, and
we have scores who would be the life of any place worth living m.

The Falmouth is six stories high, the front of Albert-stone, the sides of
pressed-brick, occupying a whole square, at the comer of Union and Middle-
streets, with two hundred and forty rooms, a long row of stores underneath,
elevator and all that the most exacting and fastidious would require, whether
journeying for business or pleasure. ,^ . . - ^

Beyond this magnificient pile comes the St. Julian, another four-stoned
hotel of large and justifiable pretensions, occupying the ground of another
l3lock-or row of stores, rather above the average before the fire, and running
away down Plum-street.

OUB EDITOBS-JA.IES BBOOKS, PHINEAS BABNES, WM. PITT FESSENDEIT,
OUBSELF, &C., &C., &C.

One day in the year 1827 or 8, while I was not only editing, but actually
writin- upon the average, nine-tenths of the Yankee, a young man entered my
office- a law-ofiice by the way, where I wrote my books, and can ied o« -that s
the very phrase needed here -carried on the Yankee, and gave lessons m small-
sword and boxing, the sabre-exercise and cut and thrust-and signified a wish
to enter with me as a student. He was fresh from Waterville-College, and pro-
posed to take a school and study law at the same time. He was tall, with a
dark, foreign look, large eyes, and a shy, though gentlemanly bearing, and not
much over twenty, I should say. This was James Brooks.

I consented, and he began with me at once, and I must say, studied with
uncommon diligence, though with no such steadfast, passionate enthusiasm, as
a great lawyer must have had, to begin with.

He soon became exceedingly popular, was wheedled into politics, and became
a red-hot whig, with abolition proclivities, of the most unspairing and unrelent-
ing type. At best, though opposed to slavery, as it was not, I was only a
colonizationist, and heartily opposed to the Garisonian creed, universal ai^d
immediate emancipation. Here Brooks and I parted company for life.

He was soon provided with a school, and lived with me while going through
his law studies, much like a younger brother, so that I had the best opportun-
ites for understanding his real character. I found him earnest, manly, but so
Bilent, so given to mystery and concealment, that his best friends knew nothing

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 51

of his past life or history, until a sister appeared among us, and a younger brother
Erastus, now carrying on the Express, at New York; nor even then were we-
his best friends- who were laboring for him night and day, permitted to know
anything about his family, though his father was a sea-captain here, and he
himself, a native-born Portlander.

One day on opening my letter-box, I found a well-written communication
for the Yankee -well-written, according to Blair and Allison, and the Soph-
omores of our day, but altogether too classical, too highlv finished, for every-
day use, and I told him so, on discovering as I soon did, that he was the author
Whereupon he underwent a striking and immediate change, and be-an like
his prototype-ourself-to talk on paper. This saved him, for after readin- a
few paragraphs-no essays-no speeches, he was offered a position that^of
editor, from the first, I should say, of the Portland Advertiser; and as I now
find, in consequence of my personal solicitation — according to Mr. Griffin

Being ambitious and enterprizing, with a burning desire to distinguish him-
self in some new way, he persuaded the proprietors to send him to Washington
as a correspondent and reporter -a reporter though-not of speeches, but of
incidents and facts, with characteristic illustrations. He was the first W'lsh
mgton correspondent ever heard of. The letters he wrote while so actin- had
a wonderful run through all the newspapers of our county, worth mentioning
excepting those of the other parish. -You see we are all in tears," said'i
pewholder to a man setting a little way off; "^yhy don't we see tears in your
eyes?" "O, I belong to another parish," said the man. Just so, is it ever in
high political or religious excitement, we all belong to another parish when
called upon to give judgment upon the doings of one, who, not agreein"- with
ourself, is therefore heterodox. *

The next movement of Mr. Brooks toward notoriety, was in the character of
a special correspondent of the Advertiser from over sea, whither he went in
1835, and it must be acknowledged, added greatly to his reputation, as a news-
paper correspondent, quick to see, and quick to delineate suchpeculiarites and
characteristics, as he gathered on his long tramp, afoot and alone, while work-
ing his passage through a small portion of Europe.

Then, after laboring from 183G to 1841 without effect, to obtain a seat ir our
National Congress, he left Portland for New York, where meanwhile the
Express had been triumphantly launched, as a penny paper, the first that 'ever
appeared on this side of the water.

Not long after this, he married a neice of President Harrison — a very supe-
rior woman, a widow with one child and quite a large plantation; after which
he changed his views about slavery, then got into Congress, and at last-poor
fellow -undertaking a trip round the world, which cost him his life at the time
of the Credit-Mobilier scandal.

And here a little incident occurs to my recollection, which may not ho
wholly out of place, though intended only for illustration of character. Not
long after the earliest issue of the Express, a series of Yankee papers appeared
m It, something after the manner and style of Capt. Jack Downing. These

POBTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

were writen by Mrs. Ann S. Stephens— or most of them, at any rate, appearing
under the name of Samuel Slick-if I remember aright, and altogether
superior to Judge Halliburton's blundering earricatures of the Native Yankee,
with its provincial and stage-English. These were attributed to Mr. Brooks,
and the name of Mrs. Stephens was never mentioned in connection with them,
to my knowledge.

One day, being at a dinner given by Col. Webb, of the Courier and Enquirer,
at Delmonico's, where Mr. Yerplanck and some other notables were gathered
together, about 1834— a toast was offered to the author of the Sleigh-ride, a
funny affair, which had appeared in the Yankee long before. All eyes were
turned upon me, and I found myself obliged to say something in self-defence. To
be sure, I had written a story under that very title, which was published in the
octavo 'edition of the translated Yankee; but I soon found they were talking
about quite another affair. It was Johnny Beadle's Courtship. "O," said
somebody at my elbow, "that was written by Brooks"— and I found that he had
the credit of all our best Yankee stories, not a line of which he had ever written,
to my knowledge.

The fact was that "Johnny Beadle's Courtship" was written by Capt.
McClintock, of Fort-Preble. At the time, when I found it in my letter-box, and
had run my eye over it, I gave a young portrait-painter, named Appleton,
then occupying my back-office, credit for the story— and he assented— and
then I published it in the Yankee, with lots of emendations, and in my judg-
ment then and now — of Improvements, with considerable additions. All this,
Captain McClintock, a most worthy gentleman, long afterward complained, and
threatened to re-publish the story, as it was originally written— but never did ; so
that Johnny Beadle's Courtship stands now as it first appeared in the Yankee.
So much for newspaper-reputation, and so much for Mr. James Brooks, a martyr
to disappointed ambition, a craving for political power, and a thirst for the for-
bidden fruit our tallest men are always reaching for, hit or miss.

To Mr. Brooks, Mr. Phineas Barnes succeeded in 1841. A graduate of
Bowdoin-College, formerly a Professor of Greek and Latin at Waterville, and
a lawyer of large promise and fine talent, and a writer of great precision,
strength and clearness ; qualities of which he gave unquestionable evidence after
his return to the bar, and dying but the other day in full practice.

After Mr. Barnes, came Mr. Henry Carter, also a lawyer, smart, sharp and
laborious, and then Mr. Blaine, Speaker of the House, and candidate for the
Presidential chair— a very able man, a shrewd politician, and a good writer, of
large editorial experience — and then other changes followed, until Mr. God-
frey, and then Mr. PuUen, who is now in charge, both lawyers, took hold of
the same paper and helped it forward and up, week by week.

Intermediately however, and for a short time only, Mr. William Willis, our
Portland annalist and historian, took charge of the Editorial department, and
of course — being also a lawyer, and who is not, among our editorial fraternity?
— added much to the reputation of the paper.

Nor must we forget our friend, William Pitt Fessenden— a lawyer of course—

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

then a Senator of the United States, then Secretary of the Treasurj^, and then
a case of untimely death, in the very meridian of his strength. How long he
had charge of the Advertiser, I am not able to say. I only know that he was
never a sprightly, babbling, newspaper-gossip, though a conscientious and su]>
stantial writer on the great questions of the day, and that, even to the last,
though he greatly improved, as a ready writer, while occupying the editorial
chair, the business of writing, day after day, grew more and more irksome and
wearing, till he threw it aside forever, and returned to his profession, where he

WHITE HEAD. SEE PAGE 55.

stood in the very foremost rank for years, as you will find by our Maine Keports,
until his translation to the U. S. Senate.

And here a little anecdote may be introduced, for further illustration. Mr.
F. had been in the habit of consulting me from the time of entering upon the
profession, upon every contemplated movement of importance, up to the day
of his undertaking this editorship. Once, for example, he came to say that he
was not earning the salt for his porridge, though married, and to one of our
finest women, with large and wealthy associations. A lawyer had just died in

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

Bridgton, and he was unable to decide about going up there and taking his
place.

" Take it by all means," said I, " and lose no time. There you will be sure
to enter into a small practice, at least, and in time work your way into what
will bring you back here. And there you will have time for study without
feeling disheartened. Study without practice I look upon as rather worse than
practice without study." He went.

After a long while, he came to see me again, saying that he had an idea of try-
ing his luck at Bangor, where an opening had just been made by the death of
somebody else. "Go, by all means," said I; and he went forthwith, and of
course prospered.

So, when he came to consult me about the editorship. He had no taste for
the business— he never could write with facility, he said. Wliereupon I
laughed at him, and then told him why, not only why he could not write with
facility, but why the laugh had come in just there. The truth was that Fes-
senden was never given to trifling, to gossip, or to pleasantry. He was too
much in earnest, too serious and weighty, and indulged too largely in sarcasm,
and a sort of gentlemanly vituperation. Again, he labored too much on his
articles — reviewing them as Codman went over his foliage with a pin. "Give
yourself no time" for such things, said I "write hurriedly — learn to talk on
paper, and you will soon find it easy enough." And he did.

And now for Oukself, who must not be altogether overlooked.

After editing the Yankee for five hundred dollars a year, payable in books, I
wrote for every paper in Portland, more or less, from 1829 or 30 to about 1874,
and always without pay or reward, or the hope of reward. Nor did this quite
satisfy me, for I turned off lots of magazine-stories, novels, essays, &c., &c.,
besides editing the JSTew-England Galaxy, of Boston, and writing volumniously
for the Brother Jonathan, of IS^ew York, the Courier and Enquirer, of New
York, the New York Mirror, The Sun, the Ladies' Companion, and some othei
papers, as a regular correspondent.

Yesterday, August 25th, I was eighty-one — having reached my eighty-second
birthday, though people persist in misunderstanding, or misrepresenting the
fact, just as if a man's first birthday goes for nothing, or as Eip Yan Winkle
would say, "don't count" ; and I am quite sure that I have written and pub-
lished in the course of my long life, abroad and at home, what would make at
least eighty-one good sized volumes — such as they are.

In addition to the foregoing, we have among our ablest editors, whom we are
unable to characterize just now, as they deserve, on account of our limited
allowance of elbow-room, Francis O. J. Smith, formerly of the Argus, Col.
John M. Adams, originally associate editor with Mr. John A. Poor, of the
State of Maine, but now sole editor of the Argus, Mr. Eichardson, of the Ad-
vertiser, an evening paper, U. S. District i^ttorney Talbot, his co-adjutor, Mr.
Lord of the Christian Mirror, Mr. Colesworthy, and Mr. Elwell, of the Tran-
script, and twenty or thirty more whom we should like to honor, if it were
possible, under the circumstances.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

Now, all these gentlemen, it will be seen, with two exceptions, Mr. Lord of the
Mirror, and Mr. Colesworthy, were lawyers, educated lawyers, and thoroughly
trained, if they could only find customers. No other profession seems to have
contributed so largely to the department of newspaper literature, as that of the
bar. Of those mentioned here, only two or three have been guilty of a book. The
truth is that lawyers govern the country. They make the laws ; they interpret
the laws ; they administer the laws, and they hold about all the ofhces worth
having, either at home or abroad, with here and there an exception. But
why? — why ?

WHITE-HEAD.

Among the wonders and strange, peculiar beauties which abound in our
neighborhood, and along our coast, there is no one perhaps more generally

P Si lIlH

'1 h ftrnf

- - -

OTTAWA HOUSE. SEE PAGE 56.

talked about than White-Head, a huge bluff towering up from the bottom of
the sea, with perpendicular walls, as you find them conscientiously repre-
sented in the cut.

On the outward verge, near the water, you may see — without much effort of
the imagination — a right royal head, with what may well pass for the " likeness
of a kingly crown," with something of the Assyrian, or Babylonian appen-
dages.

Compared with the "Old man of the Mountain," about which we have all
been hearing for the last fifty years, our White-Head is really life-like, though
it must be contemplated from a particular point, or it may be mistaken for the
head of a lion, or perhaps for no head at all. Yet there it is, to speak for itself,
and there it must remain till the " wreck of matter and the crush of worlds."

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

The rough tumbling sea, the boundless view from the elevated hluff, and the
dark waves flashing in the moonlight or sunshine, or flinging their oceans of
tumultuous, phosporescent fire along the base, make White-Head, or rather
Gushing' s Island, formerly Bangs' s Island, one of the most attractive points
along our whole eastern coast.

Here we have the Ottawa-House, one of the finest establishments for sea-
bathing, boating, fishing or junketing, to be found anywhere.

It is about four miles from the city, and is in almost hourly communication
with it by steamers, neat, handsome and trustworthy.

THE OTTAWA-HOUSE

had its origin we are told, and believe, among our brethren of the Canadas.
At any rate, scores of Canadians and other provincials of that huge empire
which is vast spreading itself from sea to sea, and from shore to shore, may be
found summering themselves, after the pleasantest fashion at the Ottawa-House
every year; and cottages are going up, and farms growing into shape and
promise, at a most encouraging rate of progress. But come and see for your-
self, and after having "done" the Island, the largest in Casco Bay, just push
out into deep water, a few miles from shore, and ''bob for whales," if your
taste lies that way, or, if you are more easily satisfied, for halibut, sword-fish,
haddock and cod.

OUB LANDSCAPE PAINTEBS — JOHN EOLLIN TILTON.

This remarkable man, whose pictures are now commanding extravagant
prices over sea, and obtaining the most extravagant praise from the British Art
Journals, came to Portland about the year 1844, at the age of nineteen or there-
abouts.

He was introduced to me by the late John A. Poor, a man who has left no
equal in our land for his knowledge of rail-ways and his rail-way possibilities ;
a man moreover, to whom Portland owes a debt she can never pay, though she
may at least acknowledge it hereafter, by raising a monument to his memory ;
a man who sacrificed himself and twenty years of his life, in uplifting Portland
to the position she now occupies.

Mr. Poor had invited me down to the Orand-Trunk Depot, then called the
Atlantic and St. Lawrence Kailway depot, where he called my attention to
some car-panels in landscape, just finished.

"How much a-piece ought we to pay for them? he asked.
. "Well," said I, substantially, though I cannot of course remember the words
I employed, "well, Mr. Poor, these landscapes are exceedingly spirited and
clever, and were evidently dashed off in the heat and hurry of inspiration, com-
posed with the brush, and never thought of, till they began to appear, feature
by feature, as we see them now."

"Yes, but you have not answered my questions. What are they worth —
how much ought we to pay for them?" Mr. Poor was a director, and was

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 57

\ . charged with all kinds of duty upon the Atlantic and St. Lawrence rail-way
"They are well worth," said I, ''five dollars a-piece. May I ask what you
are called upon to pay for them ?"
According to my present recollection, his answer was to this effect.
''Judge Preble, our President, complains of my extravagance in buyin- pic-
tures of acknowledged merit for these panels. Now the painter of theseland-
scapes we hire by the day," I think he said at two dollars a day, '^and they
cost us only thirty cents apiece." I cannot be perfectly sure of the lan-ua-e
employed by Mr. Poor, but I know that I was beyond measure astonished \t
the actual cost mentioned, and at the wonderful spirit and facility of touch
manifested.

"Here he comes now, shall I introduce him to you?" said Mr. Poor.

"Certainly," and forthwith we became acquainted. Tilton was tall and very
thin, a mere boy, in appearance. After confirming the story told by Mr. Poor,
he added in reply to a proposition made by me, that he had been earning his
dollar and a half, or two dollars a day, enough to support himself and a mother
he had left in New-Hampshire, and he was unwilling to venture upon the
enterprize I suggested, which was this; I wanted him to give up the panel-
work, and betake himself to landscape-painting of a better style. I would
furnish him with a large back-office, having a good northern light, or give him
a studio in the hall overhead, through which I had opened a large sky-light for
Akers, whom I had on my hands at the same time.

Having persuaded him at last, with the help of Mr. Poor, to undertake legiti-
mate landscape, I ordered a picture, and promised to obtain other ''patronage''
as the blockheads call it, provided only that he would give me hurried sketches
instead of labored pictures. '

But anxious to give me a good penny-worth, he labored just as Codman had
done, until he spoiled a finely imagined, and cleverly designed picture, which I
threw aside at once, giving my reasons, which he certainly i^rofited by; for,
from that day forward, he was never guilty of laborious, over-doing, to my
knowledge.

Within six months after this, he had produced quite a number of beautiful,
and eminently original pictures, compositions and studies, with a facility which
was anything but "fatal" to him.

And then, after this, he got up quite a gallery of large and. small paintings,
the largest, six feet by four, and the smaller of a more manageable cabinet and
library-size, which were got rid of by raffle ; every subscriber being sure of one
picture at least, got a good penny-worth, so that he was enabled to go abroad
after awhile, and even to get married, under circumstances exceedingly favor-
able, to a highly-gifted and highly-cultivated woman, of New York, who under-
stood him thoroughly, and foresaw from the first what he is now accomplishing.

Some few years ago, Tilton was charged with imitating Claude. Now it nuist be
acknowledged, that, in some of his paintings, which he turned out with aston-
ishing rapidity, about 1860, there was a striking resemblance, a general, not a
particular resemblance, to the style and treatment of Claude, in the atmosphere

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

and water, so that, if I had not been well acquainted with his doings from
the first, I should not have scrupled to say, here is no imitation, but there is
undoubtedly what all painters and poets and sculptors must have, no matter
how great their originality, the elements of education, or what may be called
the hints or suggestions of a kindred spirit.

Now I happen to know just how he fell into the manner of Claude, without
ever having seen a Claude, nor perhaps a good engraving from one of his land-
scapes or water-views, with the sun setting through a mist.

Wishing to turn his peculiarities to account, and to coax him out of the track
he was running in, I engaged him to give me a picture of Cape-Cottage, a
watering-place I had established on Cape-Elizabeth twenty years before, and
re-built with stone, after a fire had swept away the original structure.

It was now picturesque — I might say grotesque, if not absolutely fantastic;
but then it was delightfully situated near the sea-shore, on a bluff, and over-
looking the whole neighborhood of water and cove and villages, with Portland
in full view.

The picture he painted, and I have it now, and mean to keep it, not more
for its intrinsic beauty, though Tilton himself was heartily ashamed of it, when
he saw it last, aboat ten years ago, but because of its origin.

When he called me up to his room, and I stood before this picture, I said
something about the resemblance to Claude.

''Claude, Claude"— murmured the artist, as if he wanted to say "who the
plague is Claude?"

"Claude de Loraine," said I, the most natural, poetical, and in my judgment,
the most beautiful of landscape-painters."

From what followed, no doubt was left on my mind, that Tilton was wholly un-
acquainted with the doings ^nd characteristics of Claude.

Here then, just here, originated the style, which on further development, led
people to charge our young friend with imitation at least, if not plagarism. I
have now in my possession, a large view of Eome, and the Castle of St. Angelo in
the foreground — a narrow stream, with peasantry, and St. Pauls in the distance,
towering to the heavens, and melting away in the summer atmosphere, which
Claude used to revel in, and I must acknowledge that, if a stranger were to
see it now, being himself a judge of paintings and familiar with Claude, I
should not be suj-prised to hear him call it an imitation of Claude. Yet, noth-
ing could be more unjust; for the very peculiarities, which seem to have been
suggested by Claude, may be seen to-day, in the first picture he painted for me,
after he had broken away from the sketchy, hap-hazardous panel-style —
Cape-Cottage.

After some years passed in Eome, Florence and Venice, he returned on a
visit to Portland, only to reproach himself in a most unaffected way, for all he
had done here, though some of his finest early pictures were in the possession
of our townsmen, J. B. Brown, Dr. James M. Cummings and others, who had
obtained them at the raffle, whereby be was enabled to go abroad, full of gener-
ous hope, and holy confidence.

PORTLAND ILLUSTUATED.

To prove that he was heartily ashamed of what I regard even now, as the
best picture he had ever painted at the time — a View of Rome, which was
talien from the old Roman landing, at a point, suggested by Akers, and said to
be entirely new in the history of art, I have only to mention what follows :

This beautiful picture, he proposed to touch over, while with me in 18G2 ; but
I said no — decidedly no — I had already suffered in that way, by allowing Charles
Codman to " touch up," as he called it, the sky of his first fine picture'^ painted
after our acquaintance began. While "touching" it up— he touched in a terrible
carmine sky, so that the very foliage he had gone over so carefully with a pin,
lost all its vivacity. ,

*'No, no," said I, — ''poets and painters are alike." They are never to be
trusted with emendations. What is new, they mistake for what is better, and so

PORTLAND HEAD LIGHT. SEE PAGE 61.

they trample on what is old, because they have grown too familiar with it, and
push forth all their new ideas, with unrelenting zeal and earnestness. Alexan-
der Pope was a proof, and even Coleridge and Wordsworth ; and the only painter
I ever knew who did not spoil his work by going over it anew, after the origi-
nal inspiration had died out, and the glow of composition had become a trouble,
was Chester Harding, who went over a portrait of myself, which he had painted
for the Somerset-House Exhibition, and tlirew aside in a fit of desperation;
yet, after a twelve-month or so he took it up anew, and in two hours, just as I
was about leaving London, produced not only a capital likeness, but, in my

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED,

judgment, the very best portrait he ever painted. It was a half-length, and
perished in our great fire, among the household gods of our eldest daughter who
had returned to Portland, not long before.

After his return to Italy, he launched forth into another style, at once new,
beautiful, and astonishing. Now his atmosphere, if you turned the picture up
made you dizzy; now too, the hues of sunset melted into the waters of the Ad-
riatic— which seemed absolutely wet — like amathyst and rubies and fluid gold
— a lake of molten jewelry, flushing up with a changeable sky.

After this — after doing Rome and the neighborhood of Rome, and painting
pictures of Baicse, a famous watering-place of old Rome, of the Campagna,
the Torre degli Schiavi, the Adriatic Switzerland, Nemi, of which he sent me
an admirable sketch in pen and ink, with all the groupings, figures, &c ; some of
which have found their way to this country, and even to this town. Owing to
the liberality of Mr. J. B. Brown, he disappeared for a season, and then brought
forth his water-colored studies of Egypt, for which he has lately refused some
thousands of dollars. But enough. The reputation of John Rollin Tilton is
now established forever, beyond the reach of accident or peradventure, though
he is far from being satisfied with himself, and refuses to take any more orders.

P. S. Since the above was written, it has occurred to me that some of the
following additional items may not come amiss to the general reader :

Our friend, Mr. John B. Brown has, in his fine gallery, additional to many of
Tilton' s earlier pictures, painted here, a superb painting of large size and ex-
ecuted in Rome.

The pen-and-ink sketch already mentioned of IS'emi, a lake and village of
central Italy, the centre of an extinguished volcano, about seventeen miles
from Rome, appeared to indicate a sacrifice like that of Iphegenia. The com-
position was beautiful, the fore-ground all occupied with groups and figures, full
of life and character.

I have also a sketch in oil of St. George, of the Seaweed-Isle, which he sent
me in 1869 — a wonderful affair, and the work I dare say of two or three hours
at the most, reminding you of his first panel-work, though altogether superior.

On parting with Tilton and Akers, my last words were, " Be patient, my
young friend "—addressing myself to Tilton— "and if you last a few years,
you will stand in the very foremost rank of landscape-painters — and this,
I would have you lay to heart, as the foundation you most need —you must give
special attention to the human figure and to grouping."

And to Akers I said — your busts are sometimes worthy of the highest com-
mendation; but— you must give your attention to anatomy and drawing, and
if you do, after a few years at furtherest, you will rank with the foremost of
living sculptors in that department, and prepare yourself, in the best possible
way, for a higher flight.

About four years after this painting, and this advice, I received two letters by
the same packet, one from Akers and the other from Tilton, each written, it
appeared, without the knowledge of the other, and saying that Sir William
Stewart had just given each of them an order, and confirmed all I had said to

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

both and almost in the same language. Hence the fine grouping, and capital
figures, full of spirit and busy life, in the View of Rome; and hence, un-
doubtedly, the progress of Akers in marble portraiture, and the inspiration of
his Pearl-Diver. This was in 1854-twenty years ago. When we first met,
Akers was about twenty-five, and Tilton about nineteen or twenty.

Perhaps you have met with a volume entitled Art Hints, by Mr. James Jack-
son Jarves, published at London in 1855 — or rather 1 should say, purporting
to be the work of Mr. Jarves; for the book was not his, but Tilton's. All the
criticisms, and every thought having relation to the art of painting must have
proceeded from Tilton, for wirh all his pretensions, Mr. Jarves was no judge of
painting or pictures, when I knew him — about 1855—1 should say.

While wandering hither and thither about Rome, Tilton made two discov-
eries which were decidedly impressive. One day, he found in the garret of a
house where Claude had once lived, an old worthless picture, as the proprietor
himself thought, which Tilton took a fancy to, and bought for a trifle. It
proved to be what he supposed at the time, a veritable Claude, of singular
beauty, so captivating to Raskin who saw it on Tilton's way to America, as to
throw him into raptures. It was left for a while in the Athenjeum at Boston,
to be stared at and wondered over, by now and then a native artist, or connois-
seur.

The other discovery was that of a Titian — a real, undoubted and charming
Titian, which was also exhibited in the Boston Athenwum for a while, then lef't
with me for a twelvemonth or so, together with the Claude, and then shipped
for another world with the same Claude.

The discovery happened in this way. Tilton was looking over a ragged and
greatly discolored collection of old pictures in the rooms of a pawn-broker. He
had Jarves for a companion. While running his eye over the collection, Tilton
saw a small picture high up on the walls, and only to be reached by a long lad-
der, which fastened his attention. On climbing up, he felt still more interested,
and on bringing it down, he bargained for it, much to the surprise of Jarves,'
for he saw no merit, and no suggestion of merit, in the picture. Tilton felt
satisfied, that, although sadly out of repair, it was beyond all doubt a Titian.
Jarves only laughed at him. But Tilton persisted, and after cleansing, not
''cleaning,'' it, most carefully, sent it to Page, the best copier and translator of
Titian that ever breathed, for authentication. It was a Dana3 — and is now an
acknowledged gem, and of itself, enough to establish the instinct of Tilton, as
an artist and a discoverer.

POETLAND IIEAD-LIGUT.

Here, within a short distance of Cape-Cottage, a watering place of consider-
able reputation, heretofore, we have the picturesque light-house here represent-
ed, with fog-bell, the keeper's lodge, a prodigious bluff, and piles of talco-slate
and strange geological formations, interfused with trap-dykes, miles in length,
hissing hot, and a boundless view of the great Ocean, separating Cape-Cottage
from Great Britain.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

This Cottage, by the way, was built by me— ourself— and occupies a very
favorable position, about three and a half miles from our city. It is a sort of
bastard gothic, built of the stone which constitutes the foundations of Cape-
Elizabeth, and, on the whole, may be regarded as one of the most favored spots
along our whole coast, for bathing, boating, fishing, climbing, loitering and
romping.

Many of the most beautiful among our three hundred and sixty-five islands,
which are said — and believed by the old settlers and fishermen to cluster in
Casco-Bay— are in sight from all the windows of this Cottage.

And so too, is Portland, with most of our outlying neighborhood ; so that,
look where you will, if you but turn your head, a new picture opens to you, of
land or water, mountain or village.

It was here, and while getting up one of these pictures for me that Tilton,
the bewitching landscape-painter, first fell into the manner of Claude de Lo-
raine, without knowing it. I

PORTLAND STONE-WARE COMPANY,

North end of Deering's Bridge; manufacture every kind of pottery and stone-
ware, with drain and sewer-pipe, of uncommon excellence. J. T. Winslow,
Superintendent. All the furnaces have been rebuilt, and re-arranged on new
principles in this fine establishment, within a few months, at a very large
outlay, and they are now doing wonders.

PORTLAND CEMENT DRAIN-PIPE QOMPANY.

Here is manufactured an Hydraulic cement pipe, which has a wide and
growing reputation. True, Stockwell & Co., Agents, Danfortli-street, Western
Promenade.

widow's WOOD-SOCIETY,

one of the most effective and admirable institutions in this part of our country.
The contributions have amounted to over fifty thousand dollars, within the last
thirty years. The Directors are from all the different churches. H. C. Barnes,
President, Lewis B. Smith, Vice-President, Samuel Rolfe, Treasurer.

FEMALE ORPHAN-ASYLUM.

Here is another of our noiseless unpretending charities, established in 1828,
with a property valued at 50,000 dollars, fifteen lady managers, earnest, faithful
and zealous— going about and doing good; and all, if not "by stealth," in
such a way, that they would " blush to find it fame." The average of children
fed, clothed and educated in this beautiful Home on State-street, is twenty-five.
Mrs. J. T. McCobb, President, Mrs. J. B. MatthcAvs, Vice-President, Abby S.
Barrett, Secretary, and Mary E. Barrett, Treasurer.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

OLD-ORCHAED BEACH.

This new watering-place— new in comparison with half a hundred others
along our coast, seems likely to secure for itself in perpetuity, a most allurin^
reputation. *

It is about fifteen miles from our city, three miles or so from Saco, and is
right on the way of our Boston and Maine Railroad, one of the pleasantest and
best in the country, and one of the most reasonable in its charges.

They have there about ten miles — think of that— ten miles of hard smooth

OLD ORCHARD BEACH.

beach, where chariot-races might be had, after the style of ancient Greece and
Rome, and where the trampling of the ocean may be felt, a long way inland,
when its blood is up.

The sea and surf -bathing are wonderfully fine— multitudinous indeed, and
almost uninterrupted ; and the three thousand strangers, who have lately found
homes in no less than twelve large hotels at Old-Orchard, make the whole
neighborhood exceedingly attractive. Among these, and all in good repute,
are the St. Cloud, the Russell-House, the Adams-House, Pine-Cottage, and
the Moulton-Housc.

The beautiful, smooth beach is likened to that of Long-Branch in Xcw York —

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

but, although it may be for N'ew England what Long Branch is for the Empire-
State, still it is something more and better, on several accounts, being out of
the way, strange and beautiful, and not so much vexed with shipping.

Not far from the Old-Orchard House, you may find Fern-Park, a beautiful
and neatly arranged solitude of forty or fifty acres, set thick — or thickly
enough, with large trees — and provided with gateways and groves, and flirta-
tion paths, and rustic seats, where whispering may be heard at all hours after
sun-set.

HOME FOR AGED WOMEIf.

Of this admirable Institution, calculated to meet the wants of a class, hereto-
fore, and almcfst hitherto overlooked, aged women of worth and character, left
helpless and alone, we could not say all we desire without appearing extravagant.

Originally established, without parade or pretension, in 1855, and occupying
a small frame-house, its growth has been so steady, though rather slow, that
just now it occupies a lot 100 feet on Emery-street by 185 in depth, equal to
18,500 square feet, with all the grounds, trees, gardens, &c., of the late Gov-
ernor Parris — and the Mansion-House with all the appendages, remodeled, by
Mr. F. H. Fassett, with entire success, furnishing accommodation for thirty
inmates.

Upon these grounds and buildings, the Association have expended only 25,000
dollars, leaving a fund invested for future contingencies of 13,000 dollars.

Mrs. John T. Oilman, President, Mrs. Neal Dow and Mrs. Samuel E. Spring,
Vice Presidents, Miss Julia Oreeley, Secretary, and Miss Elizabeth Mountfort,
Treasurer.

SOCIETY OF KATUKAL, HISTOEY.

Organized in a little one-story frame building — a school-house — in Dec. 1843 ;
incorporated June 7, 1850 — and eminently prosperous up to the burning of our
beautiful Exchange, in 1854, where rooms had been assigned to it, and lectures,
with occasional demonstrations, were given.

A very valuable collection had been gathered, and a large museum for a town
the size of Portland, had got together, when the great fire of 1866 over-swept
the whole — nothing was saved.

The Society now occupy rooms in the upper story of our City-Government
building, where they have gathered, for the third time, quite a handsome,
though not a very large collection of specimens.

Dr. William Wood, President, Wm. N. Gould, Secretary, Edward Gould,
Treasurer.

MERCANTILE LIBRARY.

Established in 1851. In the great fire of '66 they lost a library of nearly 4,000
volumes, but have since got together nearly 5,000. Any citizen may have books
by paying two dollars a year.
In addition to this Library they have an invested fund of $10,000.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 65

Streets!' "'^ ^""^'^'-H*" <=o™«' «f Congress and Temple

C. H. Fling, President, John C. Proctor, Treasurer, Sam'l B. Grey, Recording
Secretary, Chas. S. Fobes, Corresponding Secretary, Miss D. P. Co"u-

brarian.

Jtst' ^"''"T "^t" '^^^ A-ociation eveiy year have been among
the best m our country, .^o expense seems to have been spared: and thev
nave been not only attractive, but profitable. '

^ POETLAND mSTITUTE AND PUBLIC, OR PEOPLES' LIBRARY.

This very creditable association was incorporated January 22d 1807 with a
view to the establishment and maintenance of a public library, or rather of 'i
peoples' library, which title would much better indicate the liberal character of
this institution.

T ^17T 'T^'"^^^ ^''^ encourage, after a worthy manner, a special

Institu e of Natural-History, perhaps by adapting, or absorbing, the Society of
Natural-History, already established here, in the upper hall of our City-govern-
ment building, in the confident hope moreover, that, in time, and at no very
distant day, there would be a gallery of art, with scientific and other lectures -
which might hereafter, be developed into something of a University. And all
this, we believe must happen hereafter, judging by the progress we see

Two very large, handsome rooms, and three smaller, have been furnished
to the society, in the city-government building, on the ground-floor, as you
enter from Congress-street. , juu

By private contributions, and by the liberal action of our city, we have alreadv
gathered, nearly 15,000 bound volumes, cart-loads of pamphlets, &c., &c and
a number of busts and paintings well worthy of consideration

Life membership is fifty dollars; and citizens pay two dollars a year, with
nght to take two volumes at a time, while the rooms are open to the people,
without charge at all regular hours-that is, from 10 to 1 P. M. ; from 2 to 6
andfrom 7 to9 P. M. Wm. L. Putnam, President, Israel Wa hburn, Vice-'
President, Edward A Noyes, Clerk, Treasurer and Librarian, S. M. Walon,
Miss L. L. Braizer, Miss. M. E. Barbour, Assistant Librarians.

OUR LANDSCAPE PAINTERS — HARRY BROWN.

The career of this fine artist is but another illustration of that American
characteristic, which stops at nothing, when thoroughly roused, though unac-
quainted perhaps with the very elements of success.

Whether, like General Scott, conquering an empire with forces which, in
comparison with what would seem to be indispensable, were little more than a
corporal s guard, or undertaking huge enterprises in sculpture, like Paul Akcr<.
without a knowledge of drawing or anatomy, or magnificent landscapes, like
Tilton or Codman, without having studied a day, we are always achieving im-
possibilities, working head-first, and without shrinking or quailing, against the

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

established principles of government, of political economy and finance, and
even of war, whether on land or sea ; and what is yet stranger, always triumph-
ing at last, anu astonishing, not only ourselves, but all the rest of the world.

About fifteen, or perhaps eighteen years ago, according to my present recollec-
tion, I was invited into a painter's work-shop, on Exchange-street, opposite my
office, to look at a head just turned off by Harry Brown, a young man, who
at best, only claimed to be a painter of signs, banners, &c., &c., in full practice.

The head was a wretched affair, and I lost no time in advising him to give
up the idea of portraiture ; but while talking with him, my attention happened
to be attracted by a rough landscape sketch, hung in the shadow. It was really
rich, clever, and full of promise. When I found that this was his work, thrown
off in the heat and hurry of sudden inspiration, while wandering by himself
along the sea-shore, and among the out-works of the wilderness, I urged him,
with all earnestness, to try his hand at landscape— sea-views, &c.,— to begin
at once, and to lose no time.

All this, he undertook, and at once, and within two or three years, he began
to "astonish the natives," and has kept on and on, growing bravely, until just
now, his marine paintings are universally acknowledged for master-pieces, and
he has orders from a distance which are, to say the least of them, very encourag-
ing and flattering.

Within the last year, having lost a beloved son of great promise, he went
abroad for relief, and after seeing the finest galleries and studying the best
pictures, returned only to show a large improvement, with a wholesome trans-
fusion of what he had garnered up in his travels,

'Not long since, he undertook, "at the special instance and request" of ex-gov-
ernor Washburn, to better a somewhat questionable portrait of that gentleman,
and succeded so well, that I should be inclined to qualify what I said to him at
our first interview, about dabbling with portraiture. Strangely enough, his
experience in landscape had given him such decided notions of color, and even
of drawing, that the portrait surprised and gratified me.

But, after all, his marine-views are what he must depend upon for a great
reputation. Some are quite wonderful — and so much out of the common-way,
that you can detect no resemblance to any other painter. Rich, exuberant, and
overflowing with sunshine and truthfulness, what should hinder him, with his
industrious habits and glowing ambition, from taking a place in the foremost
rank of marine painters ?

THE OBSERVATOEY,

standing on the top of Munjoy, and commanding all the approaches by
sea, was built by subscription, and furnished with a large telescope, about 1807.

Once it came near being christened — or stigmatized — as "The Brown Tower."
This was very soon after Salmagundi appeared, when some of our young wits
took the contagion, and we had a series of pleasant papers by Charles Ather-
ton, William Crabtree, Charles S. Daveis and William B. Sewall, according to
my present recollection, after the Salmagundi type, in which the observatory

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 67

became a "Brown Tower," suggested perhaps by Mrs. Eadeliffe's Mysteries o£
Udolpho, or Walpole's Castle o£ Ottranto, then in their Mory ""5^""'"' °^

Since the above was written we have received the following information.

On the first day o April, 1807, the lot on which the observatory now sLd.
was purchased by Lemuel Moody, of Mr. Enoch Jones, of Bath The pur'
chase embraced about a half acre of land, for which five hundred dollars were
paid. A company was organized, called the "Portland Monument Association
and was composed of the following named individuals, not one of whom i, now
hvmg Hugh McLellan, Lemuel Weeks, jr., Thomas Eoach, Smith Cobb
Jonathan Stuart, Wm. Cross, Joseph Moulton, John McLellan Joel Trince

THE OBSERVATORY.

Samuel Freeman, Jonathan Tucker, Moses Brown, Stephen Foster, Tliomas
Merrill, jr., Parker Ilsley, jr., John Hobart, John Watson, Apolhis R. Cashing
^nl^p f^^^T' '^"^^ Woodman, Walter Keating, Wm. Lowell, Jacob
Noyes, Robert Motley, James C. Jewett, Wm. Merrill, Joseph McLellan, jr
Rushworth Jordan, Wm. Baker, Lemuel Moody. John Collins 2d, Robert

68 POBTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

Ilsley, Ilsley & Kobinson, Zachariali Martin, Charles Kittridge and Joseph

^ The stock was divided into one hundred shares at fifty dollars each, of which
Mr Lemuel Moody took twenty-four shares. The monument was ^l^^^^^f^
the direction of Mr. Moody, and was in his care up to the time of his death,

^^Tht^'building was erected immediately after the purchase of the land, in
which timber of the largest dimensions and the most durable kind was used,
and which was obtained within one mile of the spot.

The posts are to-day, apparently as sound as when the building was first
erected The elevation above the level of the sea is two hundred and twenty-
seven feet It is eighty-two feet from the foundation to the upper deck. It is
thirty-two feet wide at the base, and one hundred and twenty-two tons of stone
are deposited in the lower part to secure its safety in a gale of wind.

The ascent to the cupola in which is the telescope, is by winding stairs, so
arranged as to relieve the ordinary fatigue of ascending that distance.

A charge of fifteen cents is made for the privilege of viewing the harbor and
surrounding country, and no person who has made the investment has reason
to regret it. There is no point in Maine where the view of sea or land is more

delightful. , 1 , PC

The keeper is on duty from sunrise to sunset, to signal vessels when off the
coast; by the aid of the telescope, he can identify a vessel twenty miles from
the shore.

Many of our merchants interested in shipping, have private signals which are
set at the observatory when a vessel is seen approaching the harbor, with her
signal flying, so that every owner is forewarned of the arrival of his vessel
several hours before she reaches the harbor.

The signal for foreign vessels is the national flag of the vessel signaled.
On the appearance of a man-of-war, the national flag with a black ball under it
is seen upon the observatory.

The telescope now in use is one of Dolland's make, in London, and was pur-
chased in 1807, by Capt. Andrew Scott. It was placed in the cupola of the
Observatory at that time, where it has remained until the present day, having
aided thousands now in their graves, in obtaiaing a view of our harbor and
the surrounding country. In clear weather, a vessel can be seen thirty
miles from shore, with a delightful view of the White-Mountains, and the
intermediate country. There is no place to which strangers who visit us, can
be invited to obtain so good a view of our city, our harbor with its islands, the
ocean and its surrounding hills and valleys ; indeed no more delightful view,
either of land or sea, can be found, than is obtained from the cupola of the
Portland Observatory, in clear weather."

OUR WRITERS — GRENVILLE MELLEN.

One of our earliest and best writers, both in prose and poetry, though chiefly
distinguished for poetry. The eldest-born of our late admirable chief-justice

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

Mellen, he lived and died, after all, rather as a lawyer, than as an author. Yet
he had many of the highest qualifications for perpetuating himself in poetry;
sensitive, with an exceedingly delicate perception of pictorial beauty, and a sort
of instinct, amounting to another sense, in all that related to the self-arranging
power of language, he contented him with writing letters, occasional news-
paper paragraphs, a number of short, and oftentimes very beautiful poems, and
at most, one volume of prose, by "Reginald Reverie."

He began a correspondence with me, soon after the appearance of my first
novel, in 1818, and continued it until after my return from abroad in 1827.

In 1828, he published a volume entitled Sad Tales and Glad Tales, if I do not
mistake, for my copy was burned in the fire, and I cannot find another. It was
very clever and very pleasant reading, and met with considerable favor.

A poem, entitled "Chronicles" of '26," was delivered before the Phi Betta
Kappa, of Cambridge, and published in Boston, in 1830.

And in 1836, he delivered another poem, "The Passions," on the anniversary
of Spurheim's death — of course, our friend must have been a phrenologist,
though I had forgotten the fact, until reminded of it by the title of this poem.

Some of his shorter pieces, like the Lines to an Eagle Soaring, were exceed-
ingly picturesque and vigorous, almost sublime indeed, but of these I have no
copy, and am not even sure of the title.

At this time he was newly married to one of the most beautiful of our young
women, Mary Southgate, and was, or appeared to be, settled for life, at North
Yarmouth, as a lawyer. Had he lived, he would have been among the fore-
most, being industrious, acute, and given to analysis, and to the "competition of
opposite analogies."

He had a brother Frederick, who turned off not a few verses of real merit,
although unpretending, and a little newspaperish.

OUB AUTHOES — MRS. AXN S. STEPHEJrS.

This remarkable woman, whose novels and romances, amounting perhaps to
forty or fifty volumes, are to be found everywhere, began her career in Port-
land under the most painful and disheartening circumstances.

She was English, by descent, and I rather think, by immediate parentage,
and may have been, by possibility, a provincial — a New Brunswick or Nova
Scotia provincial.

Her husband was a journeyman-printer, who worked at his trade for several
years in Portland.

About 1828 or '30 — a young, pleasant and attractive woman called on me, at
my office, to ask my opinion of a story she had just written— a short story—
and as I understood her, the first she had ever attempted.

I ran it over, made a few suggestions, and then urged her, by all means, to
cultivate her powers in that line of work. The story appeared in some paper,
I forget where, but her improvement was exceedingly rapid. She wrote with
great ease, and great earnestness, and from the heart.

At another time, having succeeded in prose, she brought me her "Polish

POETLANB ILLTJSTBATEB.

Boy," a poem, which, though veiy beautiful and eminently dramatic, I
took the liberty of changing a little, here and there, in the phraseology, leaving
the versification and general drift of the story untouched. This poem attracted
no little attention, and appeared in not a few of our leading newspapers.

Thus encouraged — after having written a number of short stories for the
magazines, the titles of which have passed from my recollection, she took a
flying leap over all hindrances in her way, and plunged headlong into the deep
waters, the very whirlpool of authorship, and appeared as the editor of the
Portland Magazine. This was in 1830.

For this journal, which ended with the first volume, I wrote occasionally, and
then she went with her husband to New- York, where she enlisted as a regular
contributor for the Ladies' Companion, the Brother Jonathan and Express,
becoming in fact the editor of the first mentioned journal, which appeared very
successful for a time, but was finally abandoned.

After this, she began writing two-volume stories, published by Peterson, of
Philadelphia, until she had completed a series, well known throughout the length
and breadth of our land.

On a late occasion, she received, I am told, by one who has known her well
for many years, and has the highest opinion of her, both as a woman and as a
writer, no less than five thousand dollars for a single story. But then, it was
for a prize, and if I remember aright, Mr. Peterson or Mr. Child was the party
who paid this large sum for a magazine-story.

But however this may be, Mrs. Stephens is a women of great original genius,
with poetry in her blood, patient, industrious, and full of impassioned enthusi-
asm. A friend of the friendless, a helper of the helpless, we are told that she
has great influence at Washington, and elsewhere, among the executive
authorities of our land, which she employs for the help of prisoners and others,
who want help, and know not where to find it this side of the Mercy-seat,
wherefore let us wish her God speed ! and an abundant entrance into the joys
that are promised to them that persevere in well-doing — whatever may be the
judgment of the world for a season. Let me add, that notwithstanding her
great — her almost astonishing facility, she is not easily satisfied with her own
doings, nor ever ready to throw aside unfinished, what she may have once
imdertaken seriously, or set her heart upon. For example — in a letter of July
23, 1843, she writes to me as follows in consequence of my unsparing criticism.
* 'There is one paragraph which you found fault with, which I wrote over thirty-
two times:'' There's for you, if you are feeling your way into authorship.

The following are only a part of her works. Mabel's Mistake, Fashion and
Famine, The Gold Brick, The heiress of Greenland, Mary Derwent, The Old
Homestead, The Eejected Wife, Silent Struggles, The Golden Apples, The
Wife's Secret.

UP CONGRESS STREET FROM THE PREBLE-HOUSE.

Here we have one of our characteristic views, which must go far to justify
the extravagant admiration of strangers, who may "happen" at the Preble
House, of which some account will be found on page 77.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

The first building on your right is the rebuilt and greatly-enlarged mansion
of the late Commodore Preble, who, with the generous indignation of a patriot
and warm-hearted sailor, having early adopted for his motto "millions for de-
fence and not a cent for tribute," went into Tripoli and all her gunboats, and
batteries, with a thunder-burst, and brought the Dey to terms, liberating the
American prisoners and abolishing the shameful tribute we had so long^sub-
mitted to, as did the other great maratime powers of the world, without remon-
strance. And all this, be it remembered, without co-operation or help from
any quarter. No page in our dazzling history of naval warfare shines with a
steadier, or more enduring splendor, than this, recording the negotiation of Com.
Preble, at the cannon's mouth, with the insolent, haughty Barbarian of Tripoli.
Lord Exmouth followed after a long interval, when our brethren of the

UP COKGRESS STKEET, FROM THE PBEBLE HOUSE.

British Isles had come to their senses, and not liking the idea of our Yankee
"fir built frigates" with their "striped bunting," out-manouvering, and out-
witting them on the high seas, in vindication of their national honor, went at the
same batteries, fortifications and gun-boats, with a correspondent result. But
why not before ?

Next to the Preble-House, you have a glimpse, or hint, of the Longfellow
mansion, where Longfellow, the Poet, was born; that is, you can see the rail-
ings of that front-yard, already mentioned, and the shadow at least of a three-
story brick house, to which hereafter travelling pilgrims will go, as to a shrine.

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

Further along, you have a view of the large blocks and warehouses, which
have superseded the old tumble-down shanties, frame-dwellings, and empty
spaces which disfigured that whole region but the other day. Most of these
fine buildings were up and in full blast, many years before the great fire, which
took another direction, and left this part of our city unvisited.

The street-car you see, is another intimation of what our people are doing.
We have two lines through the city, and another running far away into the
neighborhood, and these cars are among the best we know of, and the manage-
ment is admirable.

It may not be amiss to add, that we are beginning to lay wooden pavements
along our widest thoroughfares, and have them now on Middle, Congress and
Spring-streets.

TOU]!^G men's CHRISTIAN-ASSOCIATION.

This admirable Institution, which appears to be doing much good and sup-
plying a place long vacant among us, embodies about two hundred and fifty
members — Universalists and Unitarians being excluded — not being Christians,
of course, according to the Constitution of the Society. Meeting second week
of the month.

" Othodoxy is my doxy— heterodoxy yours," according to Professor Porson.
We have also a

woman's christian- association,

Of which we hear, by accident, now and then, that they are both earnest and
faithful, and of late, prosperous. Not having any report, I am obliged to forego
a great pleasure in referring to the works of these Christian women, whether
young — or old.

OUR poets — MRS. ELIZABETH AKERS ALLEN — alias FLORENCE PERCY.

Although, not a Portland woman, this charming writer, both in prose and
poetry, began authorship here, and soon became a decided favorite.

Her newspaper correspondence, of Avhich we are constantly meeting with
specimens, being sprightly and original —original in the best sense of the word
— without extravagance, and full of pleasantry, has been found attractive to
the general newspaper-reader, in all directions.

Her "Kock me to Sleep Mother," has set half the editors of our country by
the ears, and forced out of the field no less than three different claimants, who
persisted, till met by overwhelming contradiction.

Her letter answering the silly stories about her being a factory-girl, and
writing these very verses in a garrett, dripping with rain, or something of the
sort, was truly refreshing, and all the more, that she kept her temper, and fore-
bore to retaliate, when the gossips and slanderers were utterly defenceless.

Much of her poetry is really exquisite, and she is constantly improving. Her
natural touches too are indeed natural; and we could not well say more— un-

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATE!).

affected, sincere and sweet, as where she flushes up with the clumps of wild
violets, and the singing-birds.

A volume of her fugitive pieces appeared in Portland, just before she
winged her way to a larger market, and before she married Akers the sculptor-
Paul Akers-with whom she went abroad, burj-ing him at last in the heart of
Italy. Twice widowed therefore, she has had a large allowance of that tramp-
hng, which brings out the perfume from the lowliest and sweetest flowers.

OUR PUBLIC HOUSES AND HOTELS

are among the best in our country, and therefore, among the best in the
world; for, notwithstanding the magnificence, and costliness, and ma-nitude of
some hotels in Paris, London, Dresden, and Vienna, they have nothin- over

FALMOUTH HOTEL.

sea to be compared with some of our American establishments, for quiet luxury
convenience, and adaptation to the wants of a people. '

Among those we have here, of which a further notice may be taken hereafter
are the following : '

THE FALMOUTH — OR BROWN' S HOTEL,

having been built for Mr. J. B. Brown, at a prodigious outlay, when, after the
destruction of Wood's marble palace, in the great fire, the business-men and
large property-holders among us, appeared utterly discouraged, and no individ-
ual could be found— nor even a company, to furnish what all were ready enox\<r\i
to acknowledge we most needed, in our endeavours to get up out of the ashes,
and begin the world anew.

At this time— and most timely was the movement— Mr. Brown stepped for-
ward and without hesitation or flinching, undertook of himself and M'ithout
help or co-operation, to build what is now called the -'Falmouth," and to
furnish it, with an outlay of nearly half a million.

POBTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

And all this, he has done, and is already, we trust, begining to reap his
returns.

The hotel completed has a frontage on Middle-street of one hundred and
fifty-three feet, by one hundred and seventy-four on Union — giving a super-
ficial area of twenty-six thousand, six hundred and twenty-two feet.

It is six stories on Middle and seven on Union-street, resting on a granite
foundation, and built of Albert-stone, on Middle-street, and of pressed-brick with
Albert-stone trimmings, iron columns and pilasters, on Union.

It contains two hundred and forty rooms, and ten large, handsomely
finished stores, or shops — we call them stores. The office is thirty by sixty feet,
and sixteen feet high; the dining-room fifty-eight by seventy-two feet, and
twenty-seven feet high, and believed to be the largest in Kew-England. Under
the dining-hall is a large billiard-room, with eight tables. Two tubular boilers,
built by the Portland Company, furnish the steam required for every purpose —
for heating, washing and bathing.

They have just introduced an elevator — and bathing-rooms are arranged on
all the principal floors.

More than eight hundred tons of the Albert-stone, quarried in Dorchester,
N. B., brought here in the rough, prepared by C. M. Brainard, on West
Commercial-street, and costing thirty thousand dollars, were used.

The building was designed by Mr. Alexander, now of New- York, an architect
of whom we have had occasion to speak before ; the frescoing which is worthy
of Pompeii or Herculanasum, was done by our townsman, C. J. Schumacher.
The lessee is P. E Wheeler, of Boston.

OUE PAIJ^TEBS — BECKETT.

Mr. Beckett — Charles E. — as I have had occasion to say before, was among
the earliest, if not absolutely the earliest of all our landscape painters.

While yet a shop-boy with Dr. Coe, the druggist and apothecary. Exchange
street, he was constantly trying his hand — and the patience of his employer —
on all sorts of drawing, and grew very exact and precise.

And then, after awhile, he came out with landscapes, which, not having a
good eye for color, had the look of engravings ; the outlines and figures and
composition being often worthy of high praise, while, for want of harmonious
coloring, the pictures themselves, when completed, were unsatisfactory. Being
very industrious and patient, however, Mr. Beckett managed to throw off quite
a large number of paintings, which found favor among his not very particular
friends.

He has left a daughter, by the way, with some of the properties he lacked ;
for she is really a fine colorist, and her drawings and paintings are full of
promise.

And sooth to say, we have quite a number of beginners and graduates, who
will be sure of public favor, after awhile.
Among these are Hudson, who has turned out a number of rich landscapes,

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

cabinet-size, and several others, who are now waking up and laborin- with a
purpose. °

Nor must we overlook our neighbor Cloudraan ; a very industrious, patient
laborer, whose landscapes are altogether too hard and precise — too crude-
from a want of the color-sense, though otherwise creditable enough. Mr C
was in Paris a long while ago, and made some clever copies from the Louvre'

THE mflTED-STATES HOTEL,

Standing at the junction of no less than four of our principal streets with its
176 rooms, and large and costly additions and improvements, now in'pro-res«5
the whole establishment being newly furnished, and completely renovated

IMTKD STATES UOTEL.

throughout, by the present lessee, Mr. T. Walcott, who has acquired so high a
reputation at the Mountains, has undergone many revolutions.

Perhaps, a brief sketch of what this renowned Hotel has had to put up with
may not come in amiss here. '

Originally, it was a block of old fashioned three-story warehouses, fronting on
Federal-street, and having but one store on Middle-street, fronting what is now
called our Town-House, or the old City-Hall, and built in 1805, or thereabouts
I should say, by Dr. Coffin, father of the celebrated Mrs. Richard Derby, who
created such a sensation abroad, when presented to her majesty. Queen Char-
lotte, of England.

Long after this, having undergone all sorts of changes for the worse, it came
into the hands of Mr. Charies Q. Clapp, at the time of our great land fever;
and he, being a man of taste, with large means at his command, lost no time

POBTLANB ILLUSTBATED.

in preparing it for a hotel — not for a tavern — a respectable and rather attrac-
tive establishment ; adding the portico as you see it now, enlarging the rooms,-
and converting the ground floor into small shops.

After this, it was further enlarged, carried up another story, and became
■ known far and wide as the "States" — or United States Hotel. Then it came into
the hands of Mr. John W. Lane, who has uplifted it another story, by building
a mansard roof, and added a large four-story brick building in the rear on Con-
gress-street, so that now it is not only one of the largest, but one of the hand-
somest public houses in the city.

OXJB WKITEES — ME. BECKETT.

Mr. Beckett— Sylvester B.— who has published no less than ten successive
Directories for Portland, the last of which contains about four hundred pages,
is the author of Hester, a narrative and descriptive poem of decided merit,
which without being either sublime, or startling, is brimful and running over
with touches of nature and truthfulness.

OUR MANUFACTURERS — THE C. P. KIMBALIi COMPAlST".

The carriages turned out by this company have a national reputation, so that
we hear of them abroad. The sleighs are marvels for strength, beauty and
lightness, and what are called the "jump-seat carriages," a contrivance of the
head manufacturer, Mr. Charles P. Kimball, late our democratic gubernatorial
candidate, are enough to make you catch your breath, when you see them well
under way. C. P. Kimball, President and general manager, John M. Gould,
Treasurer.

THE AGED BROTHERHOOD.

This truly charitable association was incorporated Oct. 20, 1869.

The qualification which probably distinguishes it from every other charity
known among men, is that a member must be at least sixty-five — originally it
was seventy — but as our elderly friends were growing impatient, and did not
like the idea of waiting and ripening for three score and ten, the five years
were flung aside, and the more youthful are welcomed with open arms.

There were two hundred and thirty-six members in 1872 — and of these,
thirty-two have died since the organization. Now the living amount to 250.

The members pay one dollar a year only, and there has accumulated quite a
promising, though not a large fund.

So that, notwithstanding the charities, funeral expenses and other charges, on
account of the poor brethren, we may look forward with a confident hope
that the Institution will be assuredly blessed for our children, if not for our
children's children. Dr. Charles Morse, President, with seven Vice-Presidents,
one for each ward in the city; H. C. Barnes, Secretary, Elisha Trowbridge,
Treasurer.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

THE PEEBLE HOUSE.

Fronting on Congress-street, just where half-a-dozen thoroughfares come
together m the very heart of the town, with its one hundred and seventy-six
rooms : just re-fitted from attic to cellar, and manned witli colored waiteiN

The transformation of Commodore Preble's private dwelling-house into a
superb hotel, was the work of General Shepley, and Mr. 11. N. Jose another
of our active business-men, who means to be, and well deserves to be, a million-
lare. It is now in the hands of Mr. M. S. Gibson and George Waterhouse
with a reputation worth having. *

Originally planned by an Italian architect, and built for the late Commodore
Edward Preble, about the year 1806, but never occupied by him, nor by his
family, until after his death, it was properly considered at one time as amon-

PREBLE HOUSE.

the stateliest of all our private habitations, and we had even then, not a few
that made strangers open their eyes, when they passed through Portland.

It stood alone, fronting on Preble-street, with a large yard on Congress-street,
and a garden, full of magnificent trees — after they had got their growth,— run-
ing away down to Cumberland-street. While occupied by Mrs. Preble, the front
was only about one-third of what we have now, additions being built on each
side, as well as on the rear.

In the height of our land fever, if I do not mistake, or soon after, the house
and grounds were leased by Mr. Jose and General Shepley, our present United
States Judge — another of our sagacious, clear-headed, long-sighted men, who
seem specially gifted for such purposes, and converted into the hotel, as it now
stands, flourishing and well-known everywhere.

POBTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

OUE AUTHOBS — D. C. COLESWOETHY,

one of the most amiable, persevering, and, on several accounts, decidedly
successful of our writers, who are counted among the poets.

But much, everything perhaps, will depend upon the definition of poetry.
No two persons ever agree upon the subject. Poetry, of course, may be serious
or playful — with the playfulness of old age or youth — sublime or tender, and
therefore questions will constantly arise, and a difference of opinion prevail
among the well-educated, as to what constitutes poetry.

Tried by one of these towering standards, Colesworthy is not a poet — at
best, only a versifier. But, if tried by another and somewhat lower standard,
like that which settles the rank of Dr. Watts, Wesley, Mrs. Barbauld, or Hannah
Moore, Colesworthy deserves the reputation of a poet.

Some of his little pieces are tender, touching and beautiful — and of a char-
acter to be remembered, and many of them have been republished abroad, with
evident favor.

To him, I have always understood, until within a few days, we owed our
Transcript, a family newspaper of uncommon merit, now in the hands of Mr.
Elwell— but of late, we are told that the Transcript originated with Mr. Charles
P. Ilsley, one of our Portland editors and story-tellers, and one of our best.

Soon after the Transcript appeared, we had occasional fugitive pieces, and
after awhile, " Opening Buds," and then, year after year, other collections of
what may be called his harvesting, many of which have appeared in our lead-
ing religious and secular papers and magazines ; and just now, since the death
of his wife, with whom he had lived forty years or so — one of the most amiable
women of her day — he has begun, we hear, another series which will soon be
issued.

To Mr. Griffin we are indebted for the following list of Colesworthy's works:

1. Address to the People of Color in Portland, 1838.

2. Happy Deaths, 1840.

3. Touch at the Times, 1840.

4. Chronicles of Casco Bay, 1850.

5. Old Bureau, 1861.

6. Group of Children, 1865.

7. Hints on Common Politeness, 1867.

8. All the Year, 1871.

9. Opening Buds — omitted by Mr. Griffin.
10. Common Incidents, also omitted.

And he has now in preparation, Master Chase's Scholars, which they say will
soon be put to press.

The modesty of the man, his exceeding conscientiousness and gentleness of
temper, which endear him to all who are personally acquainted with him, will
render his contributions to our literature acceptable, come how and when they
may, and we may hope that his life may be lengthened to a ripe old age,
and his great usefulness greatly augmented.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 79

OUR ilUSICIANS — KOTZSCHMAR, AGAIN.

Since the very brief notice of this exceedingly modest and highly-^nf ted artist
which the reader has already passed through, we have been able to -ather
quite a large number of isolated facts, which deserve to be known and remem
bered, concerning, as they do, a man so popular, and so highly esteemed not
only here, but in our larger cities, and in fact, wherever his works are known

Bemg almost the only musical composer among us, who, if not American by
birth, has been here from his youth, or early manhood, we take and have a
right to take, especial pride in his manifestations. And now, a word or two of
his doings and history :

Mr. Kotzschmar was born in Finterwalde, Prussia, July 4th, 1829. Hence
probably, his American predilections, and general independence of character
and thought.

He studied composition, it appears, with that greatly celebrated master,
Julius Otto, of Dresden, and came to this country in November, 184S, at the
age of only nineteen, therefore, and to Portland, July 1, 1849,— so that he
opened upon us in all the glory and the flush of early manhood, and from the' first
has been well understood and warmly encouraged here. '

The following are among the best known of his Portland compositions •

1. Te Deum, in F.

2. Te Deum, in B flat.

ANTHEMS.

1. Rejoice in the Lord !

2. Deus Misereatur.

3. Oh, Lord! Oh, Lord!

4. Benedictus in E flat.

^ PIANO PIECES.

1. Aurora Borealis.

2. Arcturus.

3. Romance, in A flat.

4. Magic Top Galop.

5. Trois Mazurkas.

He has also had charge of the First-Parish organ, ever since Api-il, I80I and
has had uninterrupted practice meanwhile, as conductor of our well-known and
somewhat celebrated Haydn Association, ever since it sprang into life five
years ago. '

Such being a part of the labors, and such the result of what has been effected
by this amiable enthusiast, and the musical reputation of our people beiii- so
largely dependent upon what Mr. Kotzschmar has already achieved, and will,
if he lives long, as we trust and believe he may, hereafter achieve, in the musi-
cal world, we are sorry that we cannot give him a page or two more in this, our
little Register of Illustrations.

As a teacher of music, let us add, that we have seldom encountered one so

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

f aitMul, zealous and patient, and very few to be compared with him as a
teacher.

Full of quiet, conscientious enthusiasm, and overflowing with inward music,
where music is wanted, whether solemn or playful, whether for dance or
prayer, he never disappoints you, and never troubles the ear, or the heart.

P. S. In addition to the foregoing, we have among what the author himself
may regard as trifles — mere ebullitions of the hour — the following:

1. Barcarole Quintette.

2. Benedictus, Sacred Quartette,

3. When Death is Coming Near.

4. Merry Christmas Bells.

5. List, my Heart.

6. Come forth and bring your Garlands.

7. Fairy's Evening Song.

8. Chocolate-Drop Polka Redowa.

9. A Song for Easter-Day.

Judge by these of what the man is capable.

"From grave to gay, from lively to severe," you find him always at home,
and always prepared.

OTJE ATJTHORS — MRS. ELIZABETH OAKSMITH,

decidedly one of the most engaging and attractive of all our American
writers.

Widow of the late Seba Smith, originator of the Major Downing letters,
which were so gloated over in the days of Andrew Jackson, and so shamefully
imitated and plagarized all over the country, she, herself, took to quite another
style of composition.

After some prose writings, which appeared in her husband's paper, the
Courier, of Portland, and others which were issued in New York, while her
husband was a colahorateur in the Express, this gifted woman gave birth to the
Sagamore of Saco and to her Sinless Child — a poem of singular merit, and
from that day to this, we find her constantly writing for the magazines and
newspapers, and occasionally lecturing upon such questions as Woman' s-Rights,
and Woman-Suffrage.

What she may be doing just now, it were hard to conjecture ; but this we
know, that she cannot be idle, and whether it be "the night-mare moanings of
Ambition's breast," anxiety for independence, or a desire to do the greatest
possible good to the greatest number of her sex — who are in bondage without
knowing it — in bondage, not only to their corsets and millinery and dress-
makers, and to the fashions of the day, but to their husbands, and sweet-hearts
and children, we may be sure that she will do honor to her sex, and go far to
" vindicate the ways of God to man."

OUR OPERA-HOUSE.

Since all the foregoing was in type, our old Music-Hail has been taken pos-

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 81

Lll'r^''^"^'*^^^^*^^^^^ eompany, and M-hat may be considered a
large company for such a population as we have, and convert J nto an
Opera-House which opens this week, and promises 111 we can de 'i e Tn the
way of musical demonstration, for the multitude

P. S. It was opened last night, Sept. 7th, and triumphantly with t crowded
house, and a general outcry of admiration.

STATE-STREET.

Beautiful and Picturesque as the engraved representation of State-street i. it
can g,ve the stranger no just idea of the large, stately buildings l!,a ;t':;,';

P ^ LOOKING DOWX STATE STBEET.

gardens, the Protestant, Catholic, and the State-street churches -all of them
being hidden by the trees, a double row of our native elms, with here and there
a horse-chestnut or maple, running along on both sides.

The street is one hundred feet wide, and the mansions, with here an.l there
an exception, large and showy, with deep gardens in tlie roar.

The house you see on the right, stands at the junction of Pine-streot State-
street, New State-street, and Congress-street, and bas but lately assumod the
appearance it now wears, having fallen into the hand of a liberal and spirited
merchant, Mr. Frederick Storer- who tore out the whole inside of what was
considered a very handsome house, when first built, forty years ago, having a

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

granite basement, of ashlar, with trimmed edges, pressed-brick and balconies;
and re-constructed another, and very tasteful building, of which you get only a
glimpse, though enough, perhaps, to justify what has been said of it.

On the whole, therefore. State-street may be regarded as one of the hand-
somest to be seen anywhere, either in this country or over-sea.

A double row of large trees running nearly the whole length of it, on both
sides, are of themselves unlike anything we meet with elsewhere. And then,
if you stand just where the pictured-street opens, you have a view of the White-
Mountains on your right, and a glimpse or suggestion of the sea, a fringe of the
Atlantic on the left, hardly a rifle-shot away, to encourage and cheer you in
your path— in short, look where you will, you are sure of a good penny-worth.

From all the upper, and not a few of the lower windows of all the houses,
you have a view of the sea, of Cape-Elizabeth, and the numberless islets of
Casco-Bay, with steamers, large ships, and fishing-craft, coming and going by
scores, and often by hundreds, when the skies are darkened with a coming
storm ; and everywhere, on every side, a magnificent panorama, from the house-
tops, unobstructed along the whole sweep of the horizon.

OUR PEIVATE MANSIONS OE DWELX-ING-HOUSES.

A large number of these are of such a character, almost princely in their size
and appendages, with extensive grounds, large gardens and out-buildings, that,
if we desire to do Portland justice, they must not be overlooked.

About the year 1806, our wealthiest men— merchants, mechanics and
lawyers— began to build mansions for themselves out of all proportion to the
size of the town— mansions which have been divided within a few years, and
are still both large and showy.

Among these were the Arthur McLellan-house, on High-street, now called
the Wingate-house, though occupied by the widow of Mr. Charles Q. Clapp, a
daughter of Mrs. Wingate, who was a daughter of Maj. General Dearborn, of
revolutionary renown. And then we had the Stephen McLellan-house, nearly
opposite on High-street, and High-Sheriff Hunnewell's house, on ^ State
street, which, after awhile, came into the possession of our late Chief-justice
Mellen, and then of another greatly distinguished fellow-citizen, William Pitt
Fessenden, and now belongs to his son William. And then, there was the
James D. Hopkins-house, on Danforth, now in possession of Mr. H. P. Storer,
and greatly improved, and the Joseph Cross-mansion, also on State-street,
with its large and beautiful garden, which underwent a variety of transforma-
tions for the better, while belonging to tbe late Stover Little, Esquire, and is
now owned by Mr. Cyrus S. Clark ; and the two large, square, frame-houses, built
by the two Washburns, house-carpenters and brothers, one on York-street, and
another on Cumberland-street, which was found large enough for two, while
the late Judge Whitman lived there, and the Preble-house and the Matthew
Cobb-house, at the head of High-street, and some others we have no room for.

But these, after all, were but old-fashioned, roomy houses, without archi-
tectural pretensions, though some had porticos, and heavy entablatures after a

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED. 83
time as they changed ownership, and not to be compared with scores of nrivate

tul houses, to be found anywhere, in a city five times the size of Portland as
you may find just here, and along the crown of Bramhall. In act "net'
puzzled and bew.ldered, who ventures up into that neighborhood, in 'the even
mg, or by a d.m light, so strange, and so unlike the Portland he used to be Z
quamted with, fifteen or twenty years ago.

And to whom are we indebted -mainly indebted-for these improvements'
It .s but simple justice to acknowledge that, but for Mr. J. B. BroJn whose
grounds, bu,ldmgs hedges, gardens, trees, and shrubbery, are but ti e growth
of a few years, where all was barrenness and hopeless desolation-but for
this remarkable man, we never should have had this accumulation of noble -
we might say-of almost princely habitations, clustered along the brow and en-
c rclmg the whole neighborhood of that elevation, being setin the vrry c ntre
0 a magnificent panorama, stretching from horizon to horizon, and seemed from

whaTre?T' But for him, l" Ig "

what the and was -a deep, sandy soil, covered with low junipe -bushes or
savin, and swampy for the most part, with not a tree to be een e?cep a few
elms, m what was called the Vaughan Burial-Ground, we should hav had
e ther no buildings at all, or only here and there a one-story ho«se-a cucum'
ber lodge, or a make-shift. • ^lh.uiu

And why do I say this ? Be patient with me for a few minutes, and I will -ive
you my reasons. About five and twenty, or perhaps thirty years ago Mr
Brown cal ed on me to enter with him upon the purchase of the land knowi''
as that belongmg to the Paine heirs, and lying all about the top of Bramhall's
Hill. I had bargained for a large portion of it once, in the height of the land
ever, but omng to a law we had at the time, which enabled creditors to enter
a secret attachment, I asked for a guaranty, and was offered that of Mr Ma-
son Greenwood, a man of large property at the time, it was generally beli'eved,
but I had my misgivmgs, and the negotiation fell through, just in time to save
me from great loss-for I had planned a cluster of cottages for that region-ow-
ing to the sudden and hopeless failure of Greenwood, when, after a thorough
enquiry I ascertained that the land was all under secret attachments from the
first, as I had feared.

I told Mr. Brown my experience, but felt obliged to decline his proposition-
having in fact, too many irons in the fire just then, Cape-Cottage, and three or
lour granite, syenite and gneiss-quarries, among the number, though advi^in-
him to go into it forthwith. ^

Whereupon, Mr. Brown, who was never disheartened, after havin- made up
his mind to a great undertaking, adventured alone, and has already^'realized a
arge fortune by it, for which he deserves our most hearty thanks and ac-
knowledgments, since he has wholly changed that part of the town, and made it
impossible for the neighborhood to be dishonored, or belittled, by cheap trump

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

ery dwelling-houses, or market-garden lodges, or tumble-down shanties.

About this time, it was, while we were talking over the cost of living
and our household expenses, and about my own carriage and horses, I
asked him why he did not set up a carriage, instead of whisking about in "a
one boss shay," to which he replied, showing it was not so much the expense
that deterred him, though I had found it cost me about as much as it would to
support a small family, as that he didn't like to set people talking. And yet,
within a few years, this very man, established a vast sugar-house, which cost him,
as I think he told me himself, over ten thousand dollars of dead loss the first
year, owing to the stupidity or ignorance of the principal overseer, who had
been warmly recommended to him, though he prospered greatly afterward, up
to the time of the fire ; became the President of our largest savings-bank, and
of at least half a dozen wealthy or charitable corporations, the largest property
holder among us, I dare say, a large stockholder in our best railways, not a few of
them having originated with him and some other full-blooded associates, having
blocks and stores in all our business centres, and a banking-house now in full op-
eration, with his two sons, Philip and John, for partners, both business-men, and
both sure to be distinguished hereafter in the business-world, as John, the gen-
eral, was, in our late war, where he v/as shot through the body, or both legs, while
in the trenches or reconnoitering, and taken off the field to die a most painful
death, as they feared. But he disappointed them. And now, the father pays a
tax of twenty thousand dollars on his individual account, and wholly apart
from his co-partnership, as a banker. So much for indomitable perseverance,
and what other men call rashness, or wilfulness.

But all these large houses, though much admired at the time— what were
they in comparison with what we now see covering the top, and all the hand-
somest approaches to Bramhall's-Hill ?

Anybody familiar with Portland but a few years ago, would be likely to get
bewildered, after passing up Pine-street, or through the Arsenal-grounds — a per-
fect labyrinth — on his way to Mr. Brown's charming villa, with its liberal out-
lyings, broad carriage and foot-paths, large trees and beautiful shrubbery, gar-
dens and out-buildings, with cast-iron statuary about the entrance ; and a collec-
tion of capital pictures within, he having the only gallery in our part of the
world. And here we may as well mention, that among his largest and best pic-
tures is one by Mr. Kopes, who published a fine little alfair on perspective,
and went from Portland as a taker of daguereotypes, which were altogether
superior to the common average of the day, and is now well established in Italy
as a landscape-painter ; and another by Tilton, about eight-and-a-half feet by
four, giving us a view of the Lago di Garda, with a castle, fortress, a small
encampment of soldiers, a group of well-arranged figures, and a fine view of the
beautiful lake itself.

Since then, Deering-street has been opened, and is now lined on both sides
for a long Avay, three-quarters of a mile perhaps, with handsome houses of a
moderate size and moderate elevation ; and we have also, in different parts of
the town, a hundred or two of larger pretensions, like the following :

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 85

The Morse-House on Danfortli and Park-streets, built of brown freo-stono
and somewhat of the Italian type, but very handsome, very, and a buildiu-
that would be a credit to any city ; and others we liave no room for.

And here, it may be but fair to mention a very agreeable fact in the history of
this gentleman. Years ago, when he was but a young man, just entering upon
life, and hving in North-Yarmouth, the story goes, that, happening to see a low,
unpretending cottage,^ with large trees, belonging to the Paine heirs, just
where the beautiful mansion referred to now stands, he announced his
intention of owning that property at some future day; since then, he went
to New Orleans, got possession of a magnificent-hotel there, made quite a for-

LOOKING UP MIDDLE-STREET FROX THE POST-OFFICE,

tune, bought the property he had set his heart upon, tore away the cottage, and
built up the chateau at a cost of nearly one hundred thousand dollars — more
or less.

UP MIDDLE-STREET, FROM THE POST-OFFICE.

Here we have one of the most effective and satisfying views. Just compare
it with Middle-street, before the fire, and you will see at a glance, how mucli we
have to be thankful for, and how much to justify our conscientious bragging.

Instead of our low, brick and frame stores of the ugliest type, irregular and
slouching, with here and there a granite-front for the bascment-stor}-," wo have
what you see in the plate, large, liigh, and very handsome blocks, witli liotels
and boarding-houses of Albert-stone, marble, and gneiss, of the finest texture
and choicest color.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

OUE WEITEBS — WILLIAM WILLIS.

One of the most patient, conscientious and unfatigudble of our Portland
Literati. Tlie following list from Griffin's "Press of Maine," a work of great
value, will give an idea of wliat Mr. Willis had but begun to do.

1. Extract from Eev. Thomas Smith's Journal, from 1720, to 1788 —
appeared in 1821, and again in 1849.

2. Journals of Thos. Smith and S. Deane, with a brief outline of Portland
histoiy, 1849.

8. Introductory Address before the Maine Historical Society, 1855-57.

4. History of Portland from 1832, to 1864—928 pp., second edition 1865 —
Bailey & Noyes.

5. History of the Law, the Courts and the Lawyers of Maine, 712 pp. 1863.

6. Language of the Abnaki Indians. Maine Historical collection, lY.

7. Editor of the first six volumes of Maine Historical-Society Keports.

8. Memoir of Stephen Longfellow.

9. Scotch-Irish Immigration to Maine. Pamphlet.
10. Memoir of Henry Jenks.

Kegarded not so much as an historian, but simply as a trustworthy annalist,
wholly destitute of imagination, with not a few strong prejudices, which he
could not always forget, or smother, Mr. Willis deserves our heartiest com-
mendation not only for what he has done, but for what he has failed to do.

OTJB ATJTHOES — BEV. ASA CUMMINGS, D. D.

One of the very best among our old-fashioned theologians, preachers and
writers. To him, we are indebted, after the Eev. Asa Rand, and Rev. John L.
Parkhurst, that is from 1826 to 1855, after which it passed into the hands of
Mr. C. A. Lord, and then into those of the present editor, Mr. Snow, for the
larger part of the forty years which have distinguished the career of our Christian
Mirror. Conscientious and fearless, bold and generous, the Rev. Asa Cum-
mings fought the battles of temperance— of ''temperance in all things,"— and
of general reform through the whole of a long, laborious life. One little fact
within my personal knowledge may give a better idea of the man's inward
character, than whole pages of newspaper eulogy. We had, many years ago, a
teacher of our young ladies' High-school, Solomon Adams. Having run
ashore, he sold his house, a handsome, four-story, brick house, on Spring
street, to Dr. Cummings, at what was then felt and acknowledged to be a
liberal price, and removed to Boston. Getting rather embarassed there, he
was looking round one day to raise quite a sum for immediate relief. He
succeeded so far, that all he had to do was to step into the lender's office and
take the money. Failing to do so, the gentleman called on Mr. Adams to ask
why he had not called for the money. "Well," said Mr. A.— "I have been
able to do without it, providentially," and then "he up and told him" how it hap-
pened. He said that Dr. Cummings had dropped in just when he, Mr. A., was
about going for the money promised him, and after saying that he had just got

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

through with the examination of his books for the last year, and had found
himself better off than he expected, and therefore proposed to pay Mr. Adams
quite a sum above what they had bargained for, to the satisfaction of both at
the time of the purchase; to this Mr. Adams demurred, but Dr. Cummings
persisted, and the money was actually paid over, to the unspeakable relief of
Mr. Adams, upon the ground that the original cost of the house had been much
more than the price agreed upon between them, and agreed upon without
haggling or chaffing; but then it had fallen upon his hands, and was now
coming up again. What say you to that, Christian brethren ?

While editing the Christian Mirror, most faithfully and successfully, so that
it found its way all over the country. Dr. Cummings found time to prepare a
memoir of Dr. Payson, with a selection of his sermons, in three volumes, octavo,
six hundred pages each, which appeared in 1849.

Also, a memoir of Marion L. Hurd, of Fryeburg — 18 mo., and a sermon de-
livered before the Maine Missionary Society, June, 1828.

He died in 1856, aged 65, on his way from California, whither he had been
to visit a daughter, and was buried in the deep seas, two days out of Aspinwall.

OUB WRITERS — CHARLES S. DAVIES.

Without being professional authors, or volumnious writers, we have had
among us — and have now— not a few men of decided character in literature,
who, like our friend Davies, wrote just enough to make you wish he had been
somewhat less devoted to the law, and somewhat more given to literature.
With a large store of scholarship, and a severe classical taste, Mr. Davies
might have left something behind him worth treasuring as a book, instead of two
or three pamphlets. But he gave an address at Fryeburg, on the first cen-
tennial celebration of Lovell's Fight, published in 1825.

And a discourse on the death of Adams and Jefferson, 1826, and an address
before the Alumni of Bowdoin-college, 1835.

OUR "WRITERS — REV. SAJSIUEL DEAXE, D. D.

This old-fashioned, square-trotting theologian of other days, to whom we are
indebted for the Diary of Rev. Thomas Smith, his immediate predecessor,
known as "Smith's Journal," gave being to the New-England Farmer, in 1790,
332 pages, 8 vo., and to a sermon at the funeral of that predecessor, in 1795,
8vo.

OUR WRITERS — MRS. CLARA BARNES MARTIN,

daughter of the late Phineas Barnes, a distinguished lawyer and well-known
editor, of whom a brief notice will be found in another part of this record, has
given to the people a charming little book, about Mount Desert and its pictur-
esque surroundings, published by Loring, Short & Harmon.
Also, the Little Nortons, a very clever child's book.

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

Also, the History of a Cat, unlioused by our great fire ; full of sprightliness
and playfulness.

Mrs. Martin is an exceedingly pleasant writer, and must not be satisfied
with these outlays : We have a right to ask more of her.

CAERIAGE-DEIVES ABOUND PORTLAND.

G-0 where you will in this country, or over-sea, and you will not often meet
with a greater variety of pleasant, romantic and picturesque carriage-drives,
than about this greatly undervalued, greatly misunderstood, if not greatly mis-
represented Portland.

If you take the easterly sea-shore road, and keep along by the old Falmouth
coast line, always in full view of Casco-Bay, with its numberless islands, you
will find such pictures at every turn, as are not likely to be forgotten by a lover
of landscape-scenery, associated with marine-views; and along this road
through Cumberland, running to Freeport, North Yarmouth, Brunswick and
Bath, you may ramble for half a day, or a day, with a certainty of being abun-
dantly rewarded — not that there are any mountains or cataracts, castles or vol-
canoes to be met with, or anything indeed, but the calm, tranquil and sooth-
ing associations of untroubled country life, with the open sea and the blue
heavens to lure you along your way.

Or, if you prefer it, you can take the bridge-road to Cape-Elizabeth and go
"rioting in foam and spray," along the rugged cliffs that run from Cape-Cot-
tage to the first, or head-light, and thence to the two-lights, and so onto Front's
Neck, Old-Orchard and Orchard-Beach, where a swift succession of unfinished,
rough pictures — or sketches — burst upon you at every stopping place, in decid-
ed contrast to the scenery along Falmouth foreside.

Or, you may launch away toward Saccarappa, Gorham, or Deering, or Old
Falmouth, abounding with huge trees, and pleasant water-courses, and sunny
lakelets, with here and there a primeval wilderness, which might well be mis-
taken for a park — a nobleman's park perhaps — like that of the Deering- woods,
out of which you emerge, all at once, into the city of Portland itself.

In a word, go which way you will, out of town, or toward the country, or the
islands, your horses' heads will be sure to lead you into something out of the
common way, and well worth seeing, though they may not lead you into any
outburst of extravagant enthusiasm.

Kocks and woods, and tinkling rivulets, pretty good farms and farm-houses,
and a rough landscape, with here and there a magnificent elm, or huge oak, or
a cluster of birches, sumachs, and black cherry-trees, and a great variety of ce-
dars, pines, hemlocks, with stone-walls half-buried in roses, overrun with wild
vines, and flanked with golden rods, which Salvator-Rosa himself would not
disdain to deal with, even though he were mustering his banditti, and bringing
out the masses of rock, as if they were about falling upon you.

But a brief description is hardly worth remembering, and we have no time
for more ; come and judge for yourself.

And then, if you are not satisfied, and want something to startle and aston-

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. gg

ish just n,n up to the Notch of our White-Mountains, and see it that will not
make you catch your breath; or along the valley of the Saco, toward I Fran
coma treasure-house of rich minerals, and thence - any;herc - into Vew
Hampshire, Vermont, or the Canadas, and learn, perhaps for the fir t tfn'e
that you ha™ hved to some purpose, and have no tin.e to lose, if i , tead o To'
:ng abroad, you are disposed to get acquainted with the wonders rd^lort^of
your own great country. We have a plenty of Niagaras, natural b J c and
mountam-gorges waiting to be discovered and talked about.

CONGRESS-SQUAEE, LOOKINa DOWN HIGn-STBEET

.trZlll "Tiy^l^' Characteristic features of Portland, are the

forest-avenues; long, wide streets, with large trees on both sides,

ovcr-areliin'

LOOKING DOWX HIGH-STREET FItOM CONGRESS-SQUARE.

the distant perspective, and losing themselves at a vanishing point, whore they
seem to enter an aboriginal wilderness. Nothing can be more out of the com-
mon way; nothing more likely to mislead a stranger into the boliof that those
are openings into our native woods, untroubled, unvi.sited and unprofanod,
although, within a bow-shot or two of tlie large, handsome buildings, churches!
and houses, you may see on both sides of the street.

EAPID GROWTH OF TORTLAXD.

Since this little book was got under way, the following items have come to my

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

knowledge, and they are introduced here, partly to justify our extravagant
expectations, and partly to quiet the forebodings and misgivings of our Boston
friends, who are but just beginning to find out where to look for Portland on
the map, having left us off entirely from a late railroad chart, just as they took
the liberty of closing our harbor with ice every year, while a delegation of their
business-men were laboring to convince our Canadian brethren, that our
Atlantic & St. Lawrence Kailway could never be built, or, if built, would never
pay, and that theirs — even theirs — which has since so miserably failed — was
the only hopeful, or justifiable route of connection with the British prov-
inces.

The first of these items, it will be seen, refers to only one, out of the many
railways now in operation here, coming and going at the rate of sixty-five trains
a day ; and a marvelous change having taken place in the opinions entertained
against us at the time mentioned, a large part of the Maine-Central stock is
now held by Bostonians, these very Bostonians who stood so much in our way,
and refused to co-operate with us in our day of trouble, though, we and our
fathers had been tributary to Boston for many generations, and were always
her best customers.

"In the one hundred and thirty towns, off the line, that do business wholly
or in part over the Maine-Central railroad, are thirty-six million dollars,
nominal value of property, or fifty-three million dollars, real value. In the
fifty-eight towns traversed by the road, there are, one hundred and one million
dollars nominal, or one hundred and fifty millions real value of property;
making the grand total two hundred and three million dollars. The estimated
real value of the property of the entire State is three hundred and forty-eight
millions."

And then we have other most encouraging items, whereby our friends of the
West will see what may be effected hereafter, from their business relations
with Portland. It is borrowed from one of our city papers — I know not which,
and was signed Ontario.

POBTLAJfD AND THE WEST.

"Messrs. Baring Brothers & Co., Glenns and other bankers of England, are
buying the stock of the Atlantic & St. Lawrence-railroad. Holders of this stock
can sell to net them one hundred and five dollars per share. The writer has
received this price. This is indeed a very great rise in this stock — many sales
having been made as low as fifty dollars, and some at less. This important rise
and the very large expenditures made here by the managers of the Grand
Trunk-railroad, and the change of grade, are influencing nearly every port
in England to share in the business growing out of the changes, and to estab-
lish lines of steamers running to Portland, connecting with this great road.
The managers are pressing these improvements with great vigor, so that there
will be receiving and delivery docks for seven of the largest class of steamers
this winter — cars delivering their freight directly on board the steamers.
Some of the steamers coming will take three hundred car-loads of provisions

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 91

and grain -or thirty thousand barrels. Such large and incrcasin^^ i.unorts
and exports will necessitate a very great increas: of .vater-f ont in a'
years, extending qmte to Long-wharf. The managers here have any amount
of Enghsh capital for whatever expenditures they may choose to mak The
last steamer brought one thousand tons of English steel rails "

EVERGREEN CEMETERY.

The fashion which has been growing upon onr people, of honoring the ,Iea,l
and making the.r restmg-place an object of pilgrimage, devout a.^d sincere;

' ENTRANCE TO EVKKGliE EN-CEMETERY.

ever since Mount-Auburn, and Greenwood, began to flower into sorrowful
attractions, we have followed here.

While the buried, whose dust had been gathered from the b<"-inning of
their time with our forefathers, must far outnumber the living, even at "this
day, we have been satisfied with two naiTow enclosures, one at each end of tlic
city: The first and earliest, on Munjoy-IIill, having been over-crowded for a

POBTLAND ILLUSTEATED.

whole generation, while the second has but begun to be a place of large and
quiet repose, where the ''wicked cease from troubling and the weary are at
rest."

Of late however, and within the last few years, we have begun to ask our-
selves if such hiding-places were altogether creditable to us, or worthy of our
progenitors and compatriots, and the result was inevitable.

We have secured and enclosed over one hundred acres of land in Deering,
formerly Westbrook, within two miles of the town, full of attractions, with
trees, waters, plentiful shrubbery, and the varying undulations of surface,
which render natural scenery so attractive. We have laid out winding paths
and carriage-roads, with hedges and monuments, and beautiful enclosures, of
such a character, that the grounds have become a great attraction to visitors,
and are often crowded with strangers, hour after hour, toward night-fall ; and
we have established a line of horse-cars which run thither regularly every half
hour.

The receiving-lodge is ample, and must continue to be so for fifty years. The
monuments are simple and striking — unostentatious and impressive. To Mr.
Kamsey and Mr. Fox, we are largely indebted for the present aspect of these
grounds ; the decorations, flowers, trees, by-paths and shrubbery, having been
carefully and systematically planned and pressed forward, year after year, as
they were at Mount- Auburn, twenty-five years ago, by the late Gen. A. S. Dear-
born, who seemed to have a sort of intuition toward such work. In a word,
Evergreen Cemetery is worthy of all that can be said of it, and our God's-acre
is no longer a place to be ashamed of, or sorry for.

OUK AUTHORS — MKS. MAEGAEET J. M. SWEAT.

This very clever woman, who continually reminds one of Mrs. George Grote,
a contributor to the Westminister-Keview, as Mrs. Sweat is to our North
American-Review, has written and published the following books.

Ethel's Love-Life — a story of considerable merit, and supposed to be some-
what auto-biographical.

High-Ways and By-ways, a book of travels, or wanderings, written as people
of good sense and good intentions talk in this world.

And not long ago, Mrs. Sweat, who is by constitution, a great admirer of
George Sands, wrote a somewhat "lengthy" critique on that modern chevalier,
D'Eon, with a patient, general analysis of his character, for which in due
time she had a written acknowledgement from the lady herself.

THE POKTLAND COMPANY.

This large and prosperous establishment sprang up at the time of our open-
ing the Atlantic & St. Lawrence Railway — now getting to be international,
and perhaps inter-oceanic.

They turn out locomotive engines and tenders, marine engines, stationary en"
gines, sugar-mills, cars, etc., etc. ; and their work enjoys the highest reputation

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED,

throughout the land - orders coming from a distance very often, and some-
times for a large number of engines or cars.

FIRST PARISH CHURCn — UNITARIAN.

Jr^^yj"'"'^ v^"^^"^ ^''^ ^^'^ church-or meeting-house -planted
^"'''^'1 "f'''' our fore-fathers had a horror of churches, and by way
of distinction, hke the followers of George Fox, called their places of worsliip

FIKST PARISU CHUUCII.

Meeting-Houses, just as they do to this day, while their brethren of the Epis-
copal faith, persist in denying their right to have a church, witliout a bishop,
anywhere, as something preposterous or inconguou.s.

Up to 1G61, our people were without any established spiritual guide, and
were only gathered from time to time, under a decree of the General-Court, "en-
joining them to meet together on the Lord's day for their mutual cdincation

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

and furtlierance in the knowledge and fear of the Lord, by reading Grod's
word, by the labors of known and orthodox divines, singing of psalms and
praying together, or such other ways as the Lord shall enable them, till the fa-
vor of God shall so far smile upon them, as to give them better and more pub-
lic means for their edification."

In the following May, these prayers were answered, and they had a preacher,
**ahle and orthodox,^^ but he soon withdrew. And then followed two Episcopa-
lians, Gibson and Jordan, and then there came another decree from the Gener-
al Court of Massachusetts in July, 1869, commanding them to "seek out and
provide themselves with an able and orthodox minister, by the 20th of Septem-
ber following, under a penalty of fifty pounds," to be paid unto the ministry of
the next town, yearly, ''during their destitution."

Notwithstanding all this, however, the first meeting-house had been set up in
1740, at the junction of Middle and India streets — one story — and without
glass ; after awhile this building became the town-house, and then a school-
house, up to 1774, when it disappeared.

In 1783, after the war of Independence, we had only two religious societies,
the First Parish and the Episcopal — now we have no less than thirty-five, and
perhaps forty, if we count all associations for worship. From 1719 to 1787, we
had for the minister of our First Parish Church, the Rev. Thomas Smith, whose
diary we have been so familiar with, being followed by that of Dr. Samuel
Deane, his coadjutor and successor up to the time of Dr. Mchols.

The church, as originally built, was of the long-established inflexible type,
with a projecting tower and belfry, and a spire sufficiently conspicuous to ren-
der it an object of interest to our mariners for a long way out.

The pews were high-backed, so that you could only see the top of your
next neighbor's head and shoulders, uncushioned and unwamied, but
panelled, so that upon some of these panels, which came into the possession of
Charles Codman, when they broke up the old wooden-building and began the
present stone-edifice, many of his most beautiful paintings are to be found, for
Charles had a hankering for the antique and the mysterious, and was not only
a desperate antiquarian, but a great enthusiast. I, myself, happen to have two
of these landscapes, on the old First-Parish panels.

It will be observed, that in all the extracts given from the records of the Gen-
eral Court of Massachusetts, and from the proceedings of the council, the First
Parish was emphatically and vehemently ori/iodox — whatever may then have
been understood by that cabalistic word, as if to provide against one at least,
of the many inevitable changes that occur in the history of churches.

But Dr. Deane, it was said and believed at least, was no better than an
Armenian — was that orthodox? — and Dr. Nichols, his co-adjutor, was, at best,
only a liberal, conscientious Unitarian, and now we have Dr. Hill, one of the
ablest of our theological corps, a downright, unqualified Unitarian, of a still
more hopeful type. Are these orthodox ? And the church where they minis-
tered before him, and where he now ministers — is Lhat orthodox? and if not,
pray what earthly use can there be in legislating about creeds, dogmas, and
church governments?

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED, 95

The present rough-stone edifice, though plain to ugliness, occupies the
original site of the First-Parish Church, and on the whole, is a very respect-
able affair. Built of a gneiss, quarried in the neighborhood, and according
to the ancient type, with tower, belfry and spire, just in the middle of the
frontage on Congress-street, what have we to complain of? Is it nut most
assuredly orthodox ?

Thoroughly and beautifully finished within, stuccoed and frescoed with
comfortable pews, charmingly upholstered, and with the conveniences that
drowsy hearers require, the First-Parish Church deseiTcs to be spoken of
with bated breath. It was here in the gallery of this church, that our Kotzsch-
mar began a career as organist, which has continued, without interruption for
years. The music of the old First-Parish, has been our boast from about the
year 1808.

At the time of Dr. Nichols' entry upon the stage here, out of which a Ion-
and bitter controversy grew up, such was the amiable temper of the man, and
such the influence of his quiet example, that a sudden revolution took place in
some of our daily habits — in horsemanship for example, for he sat in the sad-
dle as nobody else did, in our part of the world, riding with strai-htened
legs of portentous length, sticking out like a pair of compasses. I remember
it well, and I remember the admiration he excited, being a scholar and a
gentleman, just out of a theological school, and fresh from the riding-lessons
of Koleston.

He had many imitators, even among those who had no patience with him as
a preacher of unitarianism and brotherly love ; and so the controversy r;\ged at
our religous meetings, at our firesides, and by the street-comers. How strange !
Here we are, all of us, under sentence of death, and only waiting for execution,'
which is sure to come, and almost always unseasonably and unexpectedly—
and yet, we are unforgiving, intolerant and bigoted, one toward another; for-
geting that "in our Father's house there are mansions;" and that if so, there
must be many paths leading to them. Let us be charitable therefore, and be
hopeful to the last, believing and trusting in Him, whose mercy endureth
forever.

JOHN A. POOR.

Among the foremost of our leading men, this gentleman deserves a more
lengthened notice than we have room for.

It is undoubtedly true, that, to no man— not even to our friend John B.
Brown, does Portland owe so much of her growing prosperity, and hopefulness
for all future time, as to John A. Poor; a connection, by the way, of Mr.
Brown himself, a brother of Mrs. Poor having married a sister of Mrs. Brown.

Perhaps it may not be considered obtrusive or untimely, if we should give a
slight, preliminary sketch of Mr. Poor, showing what he was before he became
a rail-way magnate, and how he managed to break away in the maturity of his
strength, while practicing law at Bangor, with great success, from the associ-
ates of his early manhood.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

I had never known Mr. Poor, personally, beyond what I gathered in a hurried
interview, soon after I had opened a law-office in Portland, about 1828 or 30 ;
but one morning, while I was on my way to one of our newspaper-oifices, in
1836, or thereabouts, with an article in favor of opening Crooked-river, for
the help of our lumbermen and farmers, I was accosted by a tall, handsome ,
fellow, who called me by name, and reminded me of the interview referred to,
and of some advice I had ventured to offer him, as a beginner in the world.

He was on his way, he said to the U. S. District Court-room, where he pro-
posed to demonstrate the practibility of communication with Montreal, by rail.
I was not a little astonished for it seemed to me at first, that he had overlooked
— or overtopped — the White-Hills to begin with. But I went with him, never-
theless, and waited patiently for the demonstration. There were not more
than a dozen or perhaps fifteen of our leading business-men and property
holders present, among whom were the late Judge Preble, who became presi-
dent of the road, Mr. John Mussey, clerk of the U. S. Courts, and one of our
wealthiest and most sagacious land-holders, and I believe, though I am not
altogether sure, Mr. J. B. Brown, himself, and perhaps Mr. St. John Smith,
his old partner in business.

After some brief questioning, I found that Mr. Poor was perfectly familiar
with the whole topography of the route he had in view, that, in some way, he
had been connected with Greenleaf , in preparing the map of Maine, a lasting
monument of the author's perseverance and scrupulous accuracy.

After Mr. Poor had finished his demonstration, remarks were made by Judge
Preble, and others, but were not of a character to lift you off your feet, or fill you
with turbulent enthusiasm. Being then called upon to say a word, I contented
myself with declaring it as my opinion, that, if Mr. Poor's calculations and
statistics were trustworthy, the road was in fact, already built, for it certainly

ould burn its way through.

The proper steps were taken without delay, public meetings were called, the
newspapers were enlisted, a charter was obtained, a corporation organized, and
such liberal subscriptions obtained, as made success absolutely certain, though
hindrances did occur, and some disappointments. Nevertheless, the Atlantic
& St. Lawrence rail-road, now the Grand-Trunk, with all its manifold con-
nections, running through Upper Canada, was established.

Of this corporation, Mr. Poor was a director, and ought to have been presi-
dent. Then followed our Portland-Company, our Gas-works, and the Portland
& Oxford rail-way, all inspired by the foresight and perseverance, of Mr. Poor.
And at last, ;iot long before his death, he planned, and if he had lived but
another year, would have consumated one of the most magnificent and promis-
ing rail-way enterprizes for inter-oceanic railway communication, whereby the
shortest possible route between the Pacific and the Atlantic, would have been
secured forever, without the possibility of interference. To this end the Port-
land, Rutland Oswego & Chicago Railway was chartered, liberal subscrip-
tions obtained all along the road, the co-operation of other railways and many
large communities being secured, careful surveys and estimates were made and

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 97

then without warning ornotice, the grandly organized projector of this ma-
mflcent enterprise was struck with sudde,> dcath-and all action was su,pc,'d°.
ed, though the organization is kept up, and will continue, we may be sur^ tUl
the great work is accomplished. '

OtJE CHUECHES — THE PATSOJf-MEMOEIAL.

This beautiful building, which has worked its way up out of the ashes but
slowly, It must be acknowledged, since the great fire, considering who Dr. Pay!

PAYSON MEMORIAL CUUBCH

son was, and what he did for Portland and the inhabitants of Portland, yoar
after year, as a preacher of Christ crucified, and the ainbas.sador of God, will
soon be completed, with spire, turrets, and all becoming appendages, wo liope
and believe.

It is built of what is called "the white Hallowell-granite," whicli, by the
way, is no granite, but gneiss, the mica predominating, so that the quarry lies

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

in sheets instead of being amorplious, like all true granites. Nevertheless, it is
a beautiful material, and the church itself a handsome and impressive affair —
is it not ? Chaste and simple, instead of being over-loaded with preposterous
ornamentation.

Mr. F. H. Fassett, one of the individuals mentioned before, was the architect.
And here it may be worth our while to give a brief extract from a paper enti-
tled "the Portland Churches," which appeared last April — but where, I do
not know, though from the paging 259-264, I should suppose, in some of our
monthlies or quarterlies, of a religious type.

"Though settled in 1632," says the writers, "there were in 1718 but twenty
families on the Neck, now Portland." Then appeared "the Eev. George Bur-
roughs, a graduate of Harvard, who preached here awhile, but was not actual-
ly settled, when the town was destroyed in 1676. He had a grant of seven
acres, near the City-Hall, and in 1683 exchanged it for a lot near the fort," —
on the top of Munjoy-Hill, probably, for no other fort is mentioned in our
early history. "He was a clergyman of unexceptionable character," — and so
they hung him up for witchcraft, in 1692, at Salem.

After this, we had the Rev. Thomas Smith, who labored in the ministry from
1727 to 1794 — a period of sixty-seven years. The little, unfurnished, unglazed
building, heretofore mentioned, at the corner of Middle and India streets,
was our only place of worship up to 1740, when another edition appeared with
windows, and it is to be hoped with glass, but without tower or steeple, and of
course without fire, outside of the pulpit — "just where the First Parish Church
(Unitarian) now stands."

In Parson Smith's diary of Dec. 15th, 1782, he says "more horrid cold and
windy. I could not stand it, but dismissed the people after prayers and singing."
"Probably," adds the writer, who seems to have a rich vein of humor, if not of
priestly sarcasm in his make-up, "his prayer was shorter than usual," for at
another time he says "I had extraordinary assistance, was an hour-and-a-half
in prayer A. M., and above an hour P. M." Eeally ! the man must have quite
forgotten that we are not heard for our much speaking — especially in such
cold weather, when, as Dr. Deane testifies, "the water for baptism froze over."
When Mr. Smith was first settled, the population of the Neck was but two hun-
dred and fifty, and his salary but seventy pounds currency, or $233, board and
fuel, with "contributions of strangers."

In 1787, a new society was formed, and according to Parson Smith, "the sep-
aratists voted themselves off," — Sept. 12th, 1787, — and then, October 3d, he
adds, in the bitterness of his soul, "one Kellogg came to preach to the separat-
ists;" and then we have the following lugubrious moaning: "Hard Times;
no money ; no business, is the general cry !" And once more, in his eighty-sixth
year, he adds, "poor Portland is plunged into ruinous confusion by the separa-
tion."

And yet "poor Portland" survived the wrench, and continued flourishing,
more and more, as she did through the embargoes and non-importation and
noD -intercourse laws, the failure of our United States-bank, and the wars of

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

1812, and 1861, and the great fire,— when she was utterly ruined, wrecked and
destroyed ; but then Portland can bear a great deal of ruining, as the girl said,
when questioned about a third or fourth complaint for being ruined.

"One Kellogg" was from South-Hadley, and served as a drum-major in the
battles of the Revolution, and afterward as a saw-mill hibcror, while
working his way up through Dartmouth-College. His boy Elijah, 'the au-
thor, who has done so much for other boys — and we might hope U>t fathers,
also, though not in the same way— happening to express a decided belief that
Hercules had done more good, killing dragons and cleaning stables, than Dod-
drige ever did, with his "old Rise and Progress," the father hurried off to church
and requested prayers for the young reprobate. "The readers of the quarter-
ly" — so then, it was the quarterly; but what quarterly?— "are familiar with
the sequel," continues the writer. "His fiery nature was changed, and he yet
lives to preach and write books for the boys."

The separatists, or second church, was first gathered, fifteen members all
told, in the north school-house, near the burial ground, Munjoy, and then they
removed to the court-house, which stood on Exchange-street, half-way up from
Middle to Congress, and then, their church became a soai>factorv, now stand-
ing on Green-street, and fulfilling its mission better, it may be, than by using
fuller's earth. The society was incorporated March ITtli, 1788. On Suiulay,
Sept. 28th, 1788, the new building on Middle-street, represented by a distant
view, as you see it on page 15, was opened, temporary seats being used, till the
pews could be got ready. On the following Thursday, Mr. Kellogg was ordained.
Mr. Willis says — and Mr. Willis was a Unitarian — that "the ardent, earnest
style of young Kellogg, so different from the tame and quiet preaching to which
they had been accustomed, aroused the whole community, and well nigh pros-
trated the old society."

"Mr. Kellogg owned a part of Munjoy, and about eighty years ago, gave the
first impulse to that taste for planting trees, which made Portland the forest
city." But where? Not on Munjoy, most assuredly.

In 1807, the Rev. Edward Payson, of whom we have all heard so nuu-h, and to
whom the world is so much indebted, both abroad and at home, though ho was
always at open war with the world, the flesh, and the devil, giving no quarter,
and asking none, was ordained as colleague of Mr. Kellogg, Dec. and
from Dec. 4, 1811, was sole pastor of the church, after the expulsion of Mr.
Kellogg, up to Oct. 22, 1827, when he died at the age of 47, not having lived
out half his days, though he had done the work of more than a long life-
time, and left a name above every other name among us.

Then we had the Rev. Bennett Tyler, late president of the East-Windsor
Seminary, a very sound, able, and thoroughly orthodox theologian, of the
Jonathan Edwards type, and then the Rev. Joseph Vaill, D. I).— anotlier
earnest, able, and reasonably zealous man; and the Rev. Jonathan B. Condit,
D. D., of Auburn Theological Seminary, N. Y.— another of that mon- tlian
Macedonian phalanx, who held the field against all gainsayers, with vizors
closed and lance in rest, up to the last day of his ministering. And then, the

100

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

Eev. J. J. Carrutliers, who was installed Aug. 9, 1846 — a Scotchman, once
a missionary in Kussia — who must have drawn in with his mother's milk, the
very quint-essence of that sublime, though terrible faith, which made John
Knox what he was ; for though, neither a fanatic nor a bigot, nor even very in-
tolerant, he never temporizes, nor qualifies what he has to say, but goes
straight to the mark, like a thunderbolt — moving upon the enemy's works
with a perpetual bayonet charge, at double-quick.

In 1825, a colony was thrown off, to constitute our Third Church; in
1831, fifty-seven members were organized for the High-street church ; in 1835,
the Abyssinian, or Fourth Congregational-church, Newbury-street, was formed
by the colored members of the Second church. In 1852, the members from the
three elder churches, were organized into the State-street church ; in 1840, the
Bethel-church was formed ; in 1858, the St. Lawrence-street church ; in 1869,
the Plymouth, of the Third and Central, and in 1873, the Williston — so that
Congregationalism here has yielded abundant fruitage, without having been
watered with the blood of martyrs, or scorched by the fires of persecution —
for which God be thanked.

On the night of our dreadful fire of July 4, 1866, the Bethel, the Second, and
the Third-Parishes, lost their houses of worship, and no Congregational place
of assembly was left, in the central part of the city. On the 13th, following
the fire, the Second-church and society, were offered, and forthwith accepted, a
home in the State-street church, until they could set up another house for
themselves. The pastor and more than sixty-five families of the parish, had
lost their houses and homes, the pastor himself being dangerously ill at the
time. Then followed a sore trial. The insurance was almost entirely lost, by
the failure of a local ofiice ; and the corner-stone of a new building was not
laid until July 4, 1868.

"By the sale of the old site," continues our authority, "now surrounded with
warehouses and stores ; by local subscriptions and donations, and by generous
contributions from abroad, and about $10,000 collected by the pastor, the socie-
ty have been enabled to put up a substantial brick-building, with a gneiss
front, secured at a smaller cost than one of pressed-brick, and free-stone
facings. The name fixed upon at last, is that which it now bears. The Pay-
son-Memorial Church."

"Had the pastor's health permitted a continuance of his labors, in collecting
funds for the completion of this undertaking, the whole amount might have
been procured." So says the writer, of whom we borrow these details.

"Bonds for $12,000 have been issued, to run twenty years. This cov-
ers all arrearages ; and $10,000 more to be realized from the sale of pews, it
is believed, will be sufficient for completing the house, making the whole cost
$75,000.

*• There will be — indeed there are now — seats for 1200 in 134 pews and gal-
leries, two walls and two side aisles ; the ceiling is 34 feet above the floor ; the
house itself, 73x90 feet, from which two towers project, one eighty feet high,
and the other terminating in a beautiful lancet spire, 175 feet high, with

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 101

gables surmounting the bell-tower. There are three entrances, one central and
one from each tower. The facade is very beautiful ; the t^o arcade, of five
arches, the tower, 17 feet high, and the upper, crowned with a n.oulded cor!
?;omthf^"und ~ are surmounted by a foliated cross, 77 feet

OUR CnURCIIES — THE FIRST BAPTIST.

. Jntt '^^"-5^°'"'= ''""ding stands at the junction of Congress and Wilmot-street,,
oZ^i T ^ fT\ ^"''"^-^""'"ngs worthy of attentive consideration, and
opposite Lnicoln-Park-no great things to be sure-but still a Park, ani the

FIRST BAPTIST-CnURCH.

only Park we have, or are likely to have, till we rope in the Deering-woods —
with a handsome fountain, concrete walks, and a suggestion of trees, which,
after a few years, will make it something to he proud of, "whether or no/*
Originally organized 1801 — re-organized, Dec. 12, 1800.
It can seat over one thousand.

Wm. II. Shailer, D. D., pastor, one of our foremost preachers and scholars
29 Pearl-street.

This growing, apostolic church, had its origin with not more than half-a
dozen devout seceeders from the Congregational-cliurches in PortlaiKl. ami the
neighborhood, about 1798. They met socially at the hou.«*e of Mr. Jo.scph Tit-
comb, Federal-street, near the Friend's brick meeting-h(nise — on the opposite
corner indeed. Many were converted, and in 1799, tlic rooms becoming too

102

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

strait for them, they secured a school-liouse, on Union-street. After this, in
1801, Mr. Titcomb having been licensed to preach, they organized as the First
Baptist-chnrch, and removed to a third-story hall, on Middle-street, and Mr.
Titcomb, having been ordained, they built for themselves, a one-story meeting
house, on Federal-street— large enough to hold about 600 — and dedicated it
in July, 1803 ; and at last, July 11, 1811, a larger house was built on Federal
street, greatly improved in 1845, and at last, burned to ashes in the great fire.

For pastors, they had the following, up to the days of Dr. Shailer, all of them
devout men, fearing God, and preaching with earnestness and fervor, and some
greatly distinguished.

Eev. Thomas B. Ripley, following the Eev. Josiah Convers, and the Eev. Caleb
Blood, Eev, Ebenezer Thrasher, Eev. George Leonard, Eev. John T. McGin-
ness, Eev. James F. Chaplin, Eev. Luther F. Beecher, Eev. Jacob B. Scott,
and then came Dr. Shailer, who entered upon his duties in March, 1854,
more than twenty years ago, one of our ablest and best men, whose work
in this portion of the Lord's vineyard, has been signally blessed. When
he took upon himself the great trust, there were but 219 members. Dur-
ing his pastorate, up to 1871— we have no later report for reference— 335
were added; 155 by baptism and 163 by letter— the deaths, and changes by
withdrawal, leave now a membership of 341.

After the great fire, measures were taken for building a new church, worthy
of their present organization, and in June, 1867, the corner-stone was laid, and
after many delays and interruptions, the present substantial and beautiful
building, was completed and dedicated, July 1, 1869, just four years from the
date of the very last service in the old sanctuary. The whole cost of building,
land, furniture, organ, &c., was over $62,000— $6000 of which were obtained by
the Burman circle, a society of earnest, faithful women, who insisted on the
privilege ; Mrs. Wm. H. Shailer, president, Miss Emma S. Eobinson, secretary,
and Mrs. L. A. Chandler, treasurer.

OUR AUTHORS — SIMON GEEENLEAF.

This learned and excellent man, who stood in the foremost rank of our first
lawyers for a generation or two, and was then translated to Cambridge, where
he became Eoyall-Prof essor on Law, compiled for us no less than nine volumes
of Maine-Eeports, 8 vo., which are in high estimation among all the lawyers of
our land. Miss Morrill sent forth one book only, Blacklyn-Swamp ; J. O'Don-
nell, the Juryman's Guide. Eev. Cyril Pearl contributed * 'Youths' Book," on
the mind, 12 mo., and Spectral-Visitants, 12 mo. Eev. C. Soule, Questions on
Upham's Mental-Philosophy. S, Putnam, Introduction to Analytical-Eeader,
18 mo. Wm. D. D. Warren, School-Geography and Atlas, Household-Conse-
cration and Baptism, Eev. C. C. Burr, Noel Eonello, 175 pp., and Discourse
on Eevivals, 8 vo. D. C. Colesworthy, My Minister, Sketches of the Character
of Eev. Charles Jenkins, 1833, 18 mo., and many other works, of which an ac-
count has already been given. Eev, George Quinby, Sermons and Prayers by
fifteen Universalist-clergymen, pp. 350, 12 mo. Daniel D. Smith, Lectures on

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 108
Domestic-Duties, 192 pp. 12 mo. Mrs. D. Reed, Wild Flowers, 00 pp. lo mo
GoLt I'f^^'''^]^'^^^^^ on the prophecy of Daniel, Catechism on Ma t u^';
Gospel in two parts, 18 mo., and Sermon on Social Alliance Rev Jas \vj .
man. Young Man's-Assistant, 394 pp. 18 mo., Youn. Lr^e's' A^' 3,U n„ «

mo., and Discourses on the Lord's-Prayer, 240 pp. 18 mo. E. B Fie cher
Man-Immortal, The National-Book of the Sabbath, 1801, 144 pp. 18 mo Ben '
Kingsbury, Jr., Maine-Townsman and Probate-Manual both admirTbiv s! ed
to a common want. William Smith, New Elementary^Vlgebra. M se's^^^^^^

t'he StatfoTM "^'^'^-^ '^^"^^"^ ^ocumentar,.IIi: it If

the State of Maine, History of Portland, Law and Lawyers of Maine Zitl

onuss^ons.) Allen H.Weld, Progressive-Grammar, ProgrLsive-Parsi^-Book

New-Grammar, Latin-Lessons and Reader. E. P. Weston, Northern-Monthly

Voices of Heart and Home. J. M. Gould, History of 1-10-29 Regiments aid

ur.'. 'on n'' • '? ^'''''^"^^ ""'^y'^' ^-"^ the Scrip-

tures, Old-Divines and the Poets, 272 pp. 12 mo. P. W. Plummer, The Car-
penter s-Gui^, with plates, 72 pp. 8 vo. Mrs. C. W. D. Strout, Slippery-Paths,
Illustrated. William Warren, D. D., These for Those, Our Indebtedness to mL^
sions,420pp. 12 mo., Twelve-Years with Children, 824 pp. 10 mo. William
Wirt Virgin, Supplemental-Digest of Maine, (a model in its way,) 020 pp 8 vo

^^^^;-^'Povts, 000 pp. 8 vo.. Vol. 58, ditto, 070 pp. 8 vo., Maine Civil
Officer 2d, 044 pp. 12 mo., a laborious, faithful and trustworthy guide. Of
John Neal, we have nothing more to say just now, though a voluminous writer
on many subjects.

PORTLAND KEROSENE OIL-COMPANY.

These works are in Cape-Elizabeth, at the southerly end of Vaughan's-brid-e
and occupy over two acres. Capital $209,000. Kerosene, naptha and paraffine
are manufactured. Four million gallons of kerosene are the yearly product
and of the other articles mentioned, enough to supply the market. Francis
McDonald, president; H. N. Jose, treasurer.

fuller's VARNISH-FACTORY.

Varnishes of a superior quality are turned out by this company, an.l find
their way lo all parts of the country. Depot 208 Fore-street. A. P Fuller
proprietor. *

OUR CONSULS.

Henry John Murray, Her Britannic-Majesty's Consul for Maine and New
Hampshire. 30 Exchange street.

George H. Starr, Her Majesty's Vice-Consul for Portland. 30 Exchange
street.

Tomas Lozano, Consul for Spain. Corner Middle and Union-streets.
Andrew Spring, Consul for the Argentine-Republic, lo 1-2 Exchange-street.

104

PORTLAND ILLUSTEATED,

OTJE PAINTERS — MRS. ELIZABETH MURRAY.

We have recorded this fine artist among our painters, not for having been
born or bred here, but because here she painted her first pictures, after her
arrival from the East, and long before she came out in Boston or N'ew-York,
where she seems to have been greatly valued, and well understood.

Mrs. Murray is the wife of our British Consul, Henry John Murray, Esquire,
and a daughter of the celebrated Thomas Heaphy, engraver, and painter also
in water-colors, like his daughter, whose achievements are all — portraits and
cabinet-pieces — all in water-colors, but harmonious, rich, and sometimes,
gloriously treated, with all the depth and strength of oil. Her gatherings in
the South of Europe, and the East, of costumes and characters, have enabled
her to throw off with astonishing facility, a large number of pictures, including
some that have gone abroad.

Her father may be remembered, by collectors, at least, as the artist who
.painted Queen Caroline, the Princess Charlotte, Prince Leopold, the Duke of
Wellington, and more than fifty field officers in one piece, the engraving of
which, is well known among both amateurs and connoisseurs.

OUR LUMBER TRADE.

Heretofore, and from our earliest history, Portland has done a very large,
and of late, until within a few years, when her West-India shipments began to
fall off, a prodigious lumber-business. And now, notwithstanding the troubles
in Cuba, and the vague misapprehensions that prevail concerning our reciproc-
ity negotiations, it has begun to revive.

It seems by official reports, that in the month of August, this year, we have
exported to ports in the West Indies, five million six hundred and forty-five
thousand feet of lumber — more than we ever before sent from this port in any
one month, even when the Saccarappa and other mills, now extinct, were in
full blast. And now we have the following new sources of supply:

On Commercial street — the Bethel Steam Mills Co., 338; Milan Steam Mills
Co., 230; Mo we. Cole & Benson, 332; Edwin Clement & Co., 272; Holyoke,
Benson & Co., 336; K. Deering & Co., 292; Cummings, Leavitt & Widber, 220;
C. H. Merrill, 244; C. E. Deering & Co., 250; C. S. Clark, 270; S. M. Smart,
268; Norton Mills Co., 306; J. Hobson, 292; H. Bullard, 270; Kichardson &
Cross, 174; S. W. Larrabee & Son, 194; W. H. Walker & Co., 242; L. Taylor,
175; S. C. Dyer, 157; Winslow & Coombs, 219; E. T. Patten & Co., 270; Em-
ery & Fox, 238. Berlin Mills Co., L. T. Brown, W. W. Brown, Berlin Mills
Wharf; Perkins, Johnson & Co., Sturdivant's Wharf; A. Edmands, 18 Preble
street; Doten Brothers, Cross street; C. K Delano & Co., Fore street.

Most of these are large dealers, and many are shippers. Commercial-street,
you see, is crowded with companies and firms wholly given to the lumber busi-
ness, the history whereof, had we space, we should be glad to give somewhat in
detail ; but one thing may be said, and we say it in all seriousness and with
large experience, that in farming regions, where land is tolerably good, and

POETLAND ILLUSTRATED. 105

forests are thoroimhlvolpi rpri m-^r.f^ +1 -Lmt after the

and churches rof i i i ' ^ '""^^"'^'^ "'"^ ^^'-^^'^ school-houses,

Churches, roads, bridges and farms, cottages and gardens to be proud of.

CONGKESS SQUARE, UKIVKB8AL18T CULKCII.

Nevertheless, the lumber-trade has, on the whole, proved a mine of wealth for

OUK CHURCHES — THE FIRST UXIVKKSALIST-90CIETV.

This thriving denomination, which seemed struck witli paralysis for a time
after the final departure of the Rev. Hosea Ballou, in 1814, began to flourish
anew, with renewed vigor, within the last fivc-and-twenty years.

106

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

The first gathering of Universalists, after the coming of John Murray to tjie
new world, according to the Kev. Mr. Gibbs, the present pastor, was early in the
present century, in a cooper' s-shop, at the foot of Mountfort-street.

After this, they tried to borrow a church —or the privilege, at least, of worship-
ing their heavenly Father, according to their conscientious belief, in some one
of the many churches already up. Application was made for the Kev. Hosea
Ballon, from Portsmouth, to be allowed to appear in the pulpit, while he was
on a missionary tour through this neighborhood. But no — one Baptist deacon
declaring, he had rather see the devil walk up the aisle. Even school-houses
were locked and barred against him.

At last however, the late Judge Freeman, father of William Freeman, offered
him a shelter in his large house, nearly opposite the Second-Parish church.
The rooms were crowded, and the gathering outside, somewhat portentous.
His subject was "The uncharitableness of Sectarianism," and the discourse
itself was undoubtedly both sharp and scorching — if not altogether satisfactory
to some of the outsiders.

Then they had Kev. John Brooks, who held forth in the Episcopal-church —
in School, now Pearl-street. After having tried in vain to purchase this church,
in vain — because, by a condition of the original grant, the land could not be
alienated from the Episcopalian denomination, they had their preaching in a
school-house, nearly opposite the Third-Parish church, in Back, now Congress
street.

Here, early in 1821, the Kev. Kussell Streeter, preached for the first time in
Portland. Next an effort was made for the purchase of the Third-Parish
church, but the negotiations were put a stop to, by some of the Second-Parish.

Whereupon, the friends of Universalism took fire, banded themselves to-
gether, pubhshed a "Statement of their faith," organized anew, and built a
house for the Lord, which was ready for dedication on the 15th of August, 1821.

It was of one-story, seventy-five feet by forty-four, with a superficial area of
3600 feet, containing eighty-two pews, with seats for 300 persons, and costing
about $6000.

Then came the war, of which we have had occasion to say a word heretofore.
Dr. Payson, and Dr. Nichols, who agreed in little else, went hand and heart
against brother Streeter, who, on his part, having established the Christian
Intelligencer, went into the conflict, with all the ardor of early manhood, tooth
and nail.

In 1827, Mr. Streeter resigned, and was succeeded by Kev. John Bisbee, jr.,
of Hartford, Conn. — a truly pious, faithful and eloquent man, who died in
1829, having testified in a truly christian spirit, against the arrogant sectarian-
ism of the day.

Then followed Rev. W. I. Keese, who resigned in 1830 ; and then Kev. Menyies
Rayner, of Hartford, Conn., who published the Christian Pilot, with a beetle
and wedge. Having left the Episcopalians, he seemed to enter a new campaign
with something of the fiery zeal of a new convert. Obtaining leave of
absence for six months, in September, 1834, he never returned. The smoke of

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. IO7
the battle-field had cleared away, and probably this region was no longer desi-

In April, 1836, Rev. D. D. Smith became pastor; and in 1830 Rev. C. C Burr

• Z Z^r' f. say, the better. He resigned in Decern-'

ber 1841, and m March, 1842, Rev. L. L. Sadler, succeeded him, and in jl ra-

tm ISro' 7' . • Watertown, Mass., accepted a call, and s v d

C / R ! '''''''' ' the; had Rev. E

sH.nt'fi ' ' ^ith a wide range of scholarship and

Jaraiy, l""''' ' meeting-house on High-street, was secured

W. E. Gibbs became their pastor, and on the -fiftieth anniversaiy of th^ Firs
Umversahst Church,'' gave a pamphlet hist from which nJt of I ft"
gomg Items have been gathered. From all that we hear and see of Mr. G bb

for T ^ ''"'^'"^ '''' Universalist faith will have no occasion
for regrettmg the services of his predecessors.

POETLAND GAS-LIGnT-COMPA:!n:.

Incorporated in 1849; organized Jan. 1st, 1820. Works on West Commer-
cial near foot of Clark street. Mains are laid for nearly twentv-five mil ,

So TJ'T^""' ""^P^*^^ ^'^^-^ ^ity own^

W,OUO. E. H. Davies, president; J. T. McCobb, treasurer.

STAR MATCH-COMPANY.

In 1869, the firm of Smith & Jordan, purchased all the patents of the Star
Match-Company, and their property on Kennebec-street. In October of the
same year, their buildings and machinery, were destroyed by fire

In 1870 the company set up a new factory on Commercial street, wholly of
brick and iron, with concrete floors, 110 by 60 feet, with a superficial area
therefor, of 6600 feet for each floor. These matches are now shipped to our
southern ports, to the West-Indies, to South-America, and the British-Provin-
ces, beside supplying the whole region, and have the highest reputation

Ihe firm, now, is James C. Jordan, and A. & S. E. Spring.

OUR SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL-HOUSES

have long been a subject of justifiable pride with us, and, we may appeal with
entire confidence to our past and present history, for evidence of our foresight
and liberal provisions for those who are to take our places hereafter; for wliat
our children are now, that will our country be, after we have gone to our rest.

THE PORTLAND HIGH-SCHOOL-HOUSE.

Built of pressed-brick, with granite and free-stone trimmings, ono-hundrcd-
and-forty-feet by eighty, with wings on each side, which project eighteen by

108

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

twenty-seven feet additional, is, on the whole, one of the most imposing
and beautiful of all our public buildings.

The arcade is forty-five feet in length, and supported by well-dressed granite
pillars. The style of architecture is what we have agreed to call Koman, but
wherefore, does not appear. The class-rooms are separated, so that the boys •
and girls are not turned loose together, nor allowed to intermingle, without re-
strictions. On the first story, are eight large class-rooms, thirteen feet high; on
the second, are two high-school rooms, fifty-one by sixty-two feet each, and sev-
enteen feet high, with library-rooms, etc. ; on the third story are the grammar
schools. In the attic is a large hall for exercising, play, and elaborate drilling
in bad weather. The building is heated throughout, and wholly by steam.
The finishing is of chestnut. Mr. Harding was the architect— omitted hereto-
fore, while speaking of the Fassets, whom we called, by mistake, brothers,
while, in fact, they are father and son. All the arrangements are of a charac-
ter to command our approbation, and the building itself, worthy of high
praise.

BEAL-ESTATE AND BUILDING-COMPANY.

Incorporated Feb. '71, for building houses and stores. Capital $200,000.
John E. Donnell, president ; John T. Hull, clerk and treasurer.

BTJBGESS, FOBES & CO.'S WHITE-LEAD FACTORY,

on Munjoy street, run by steam, yields paints of a character that has already
secured a large and growing business. Their agency is at 80 Commercial street.

CAHOON MANUFACTUBING-COMPANY

manufacture kerosene-burners and chemicals of decided reputation. Capital
$100,000. Chas. W. Gaboon, treasurer, Cahoon-block, corner Myrtle and Con-
gress streets.

OUR CHURCHES — CHESTNUT-STREET METHODIST.

For the substance of what follows, we are indebted to another hand :
The first Methodist-sermon preached in Maine, was by the apostle and
founder of methodism, in New-England, Rev. Jesse Lee, in a private-house, in
Saco, Sept. 10, 1793.

From Saco, he came to Portland, and on the 12th, preached to a small com-
pany, in the dwelling-house of Theophilus Boynton, on Newbury-street. From
Portland, Mr. Lee extended his journey eastward, as far as the Penobscot,
preaching in various places, returning to Massachusetts, in October. In 1794,
he repeated his visit to Maine, and on Friday, Nov. 7th, preached in the
"Court-House, in Portland, to a large and attentive congregation." It does
not appear, however, that Mr. Lee attempted to form a society, at either of his
visits to Portland.

The formation of the Portland-Circuit, took place in 1795, with Rev. Philip

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 109

Wager as preacher, and this year, the first Methodist class in Portland, was
formed. This class consisted of six persons, and this small band of heroic men
and women thus united in church-fellowship, entered upon their work, and in
the midst of dension and persecution, without any house of worship, save .uch
as their own dwellings afforded them, and without the means of bettering their
condition, struggled on, with an occasional addition to their number, throu-h
nine years, until 1804, when their number had increased to eleven

This year, the prospect began to brighten. A friend of the society, Enoch
Illsley, purchased and presented to them, the old church, formerly belon-in- to

OHESTNUT-STBEET, METHODIST, CHURCH.

the Episcopalians, which was removed to Federal-street, and here, for the first
time, the society had a home.

This house occupied a site on Federal, between Exchange and Temple
streets, and was used by the society, until the erection of their church on
Chestnut-street. It was afterward used for various purposes, and finally as a
stable, but, at length, gave way before the march of improvement, to make
room for other buildings. The preacher, at this time, was Kev. Joshua Tavlor,
known everywhere, as Father Taylor, under whose labors, the societv'was
greatly blessed. It increased, during the two years of his ministry, from tlie
eleven above-named, to sixty-four, and the gathering had become so numerous
as to require enlarged accommodations.

110

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

A board of trustees was appointed, and the society entered upon the work of
erecting a larger and more attractive church-edifice.

After many embarassments and long delay, their efforts were successful ; and
the first Methodist-Episcopal church building, on Chestnut-street, was com-
pleted, and dedicated Feb. 17, 1811, Rev. Epaphras Kilby, the stationed preach-
er, officiating. Here the society prospered greatly, and continued to increase in
influence and in numbers.

In 1826-27, the churches of the city were favored with a gracious revival,
and the Methodist-church, under the pastoral-labors of Rev. E. Willey, received
large accessions to its membership, and the house was so crowded, that it be-
came necessary to enlarge it. Accordingly a neat and commodious chapel
was erected on Cumberland-street, near the church, and that part of the church
formerly used as a vesLry, was added to its seating capacity. It soon became
apparent, however, that still more room must be provided, and accordingly the
church on the corner of Pleasant and Park-streets, was erected. It was dedi-
cated in the fall of 1828, by Rev. Stephen Lovell.

Here a flourishing society was soon gathered, made up in part from members
of the old church, and was always, while it existed, strong and flourishing,
though somewhat involved in debt. It continued, till 1835, when the church
edifice was sold to the Second-Unitarian society.

The church on Chestnut-street was again greatly enlarged in 1836, and was
soon filled to over-flowing. In 1844, the Ward-room, on Brackett-street, was
procured, and a mission and Sunday-school organized, under the pastoral
charge of Rev. A. M. Blake, succeeded in 1845, by Rev. Stephen Allen, and as
the result of this enterprise, the Pine-Street church was erected, and dedicated
in the autumn of 1846. The dedicatory services were conducted by Rev. G. F.
Cox, the pastor. This society has always been strong and flourishing, and is
now — 1874, — making arrangements for the erection of a larger and more
creditable church-edifice.

In the meantime, the mother-church continued to grow in numbers, notwith-
standing the repeated drafts made upon her membership, until 1851, when it be-
came necessary to strengthen its stakes, and lengthen its cords in another direc-
tion ; and accordingly, a chapel was erected on a lot situated at the corner of
Congress and St. Lawrence-streets, generously presented by Dr. E. Clark, for
the purpose. The chapel had a seating capacity of 300. This was a free chap-
el, and when completed, was free from debt. It was dedicated by Rev. Geo.
Webber, D. D. Sixty members were transferred from Chestnut-street church,
and a society and Sunday-school organized, under the charge of Rev. Eaton
Shaw, until the next session of the annual-conference, when Rev. W. F. Far-
rington became the stationed preacher. Under his labors, the house soon be-
came too small for the people, and an addition was made, at an expense of
about twelve hundred dollars, and pews took the place of settees. The house,
thus enlarged, would seat about four hundred and fifty persons, and here the
society continued to worship, until 1868, when the church they now occupy,
was dedicated, Rev. Wm. McDonald, a former pastor, preaching the sermon on
the occasion.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

Ill

In 18o5 the old society purchased the lot they now occupy on Chestnut-street
and commenced the erection of their third house of worship. It was built ai
a cost of about sixty thousand dollars, and was dedicated July 8th, 1^57 The
old church was destroyed by fire April 26th, 1800.

In addition to the above-named churches, a neat and commodious one lias
been erected on Peak's-Island, which has a small but flourishing; mombership'.

The first Sunday-school of the denomination was organized in 18-» in con
nection with the Chestnut-street church, and had for its first superTntendent;
the late Hon; James B. Cahoon.

city^MaT m'^^ '^'^^ ^'^^ ^^'^ '^^"""^'''^ aenomination in the

Value of church property, - - §92,000
Church members, including probationers, - - . 1192
Sunday-school officers and teachers, - - - - 140
Sunday-school scholars, 2^>80

V olumes m library, oo(X)

Preachers for 1874 -Chestnut-Street, Sylvester F. Jones : rine'-Stroot James
W. Johnston; Congress-Street, Chas. B. Pitblado; Peak's-Island, John 0
Perry. '

OUR BANKS.

With a banking capital of about three-and-a-half millions, and deposits in
our savings banks, of more than eight millions, Portland is not exposed to any
great business fluctuations. Most of the banks hereinafter-mentioned, are quite
remarkable for the beauty of their banking-houses.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK.

H. I. Libby, president; Wm. E. Gould, cashier. One of our most favored in-
stitutions, with a substantial, handsome building, three stories higli, twenty-
three by seventy-six feet, with French attic and French roof. The' front on
Middle-street, is of Connecticut free-stone, which is found to bear the climate
changes, with all the dreaded alternations, of humidity and temperature, so de-
structive to the same building-material at New- York, without injury; the dif-
ference, after all, being between the horizontal and perpendicular surfaces, for
it is the pavements, the steps, and side-walks, which crunil)Ie and flake off,
both at New- York and here, while the upright walls undergo no material
change; not so great a change indeed, as the gneiss, where mica predominates,
the syenite, where horn-blende is superabundant, or granite where felspar is
too plentiful. It is furnished with iron columns on Middle-street, and the
Plum-street side is built of pressed-brick, with free-stone trimmings. The
banking-room is fifty-eight feet in length, with private rooms in the rear, for
the accommodation of directors, officers, ttc, &c.

112

POBTLAND ILLUSTBATED,

Well do I remember when we had but one bank here, and that, the Port-
land-Bank, on the southerly side of Middle-street, not far from Exchange. It
was a two-story, frame-building, standing end to the street. You entered from
a front-yard, and the first thing you saw, as you mounted the steps, was an
oval sign, hung upon the door, about eighteen inches by twelve, lettered on
one side, bank opeis^, and on the other, baistk shut.

And well do I remember when the half-cents came into use, and how
the glittering temptation was too much for me, when I was set to counting
them out of a small cask, and setting them forth, in piles of ten, by the

FIKST NATIONAL BANK BLOCK.

cashier, who happened to be my uncle — so that I appropriated a few, which
I paid to some boys, for helping me pick strawberries, and got a walloping
for my pains; my good uncle being a severe disciplinarian, perhaps for having
been a school-master, before he undertook with his nephew. This was, I
should say, about 1803, when I was under ten.

No one, among all the changes you see, is more gratifying, or encouraging,
than the difference between most of our large banking-houses, now, and those
of an earlier day, when we were so easily satisfied.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. II3

OUR AUTHORS— MOSES GBEE>^LEAF

t»W r M I most valuable ever produced in our country and

take It a together itis one which no reasonable man would have ev cct'ed to
see, for at least half a century to come." And i, it not so ? Have nro'^uc
ed anything better, or even as good, up to this hour? ''It is .^r 1!^^;
they brmg forth on the other side of the water, among the w a h y am over
crowded communities of Europe, where men have leisure enoug and teres
enough, to devote a life-time to the completion of a favorite unSe takin" S
what we have been accustomed to see in our country, where instead of bei^
patd for their literary toil, seientilic, laborious, and eitraordi'nr^ men 1 a e to'
wyor nothing, and find themselves, whenever they meddle with autho^

It was in the preparation of this map, in which our friend, John A. Poor co-
operated, that he acquired such a relish for statistics, and ^uch opening i.pa-
bihttes for the two magnificent enterprises, which he undertook and car 'd

BrSV^ ;r/^'""^-*^ * Lawrence-Kailroad, a, c

Bnttsh & North-Amencan-for, after all, but for him, they would never have
been thought of_and for the Portland, Rutland, oU-ego & Chi" If road
Which narrowly escaped a most successful consummation, througl a's.i 1 den
providence, whereby he was translated, in the midst of his aboun3ing useful"
ness and great influence. °

But the review goes on to say, after abstracting whole pages from the book in
relation to our climate, our geography, our resources, and our amazing capabi 1-
.ties, these views it will be remembered, are not the views of a storv-book or
a novel-writer; they are those of a sensible man, a practical surveyor, and a
long-sighted politician. Mr. Greenleaf is not an every-day man. » .

* * * ^® a country to be grateful for, and proud of, and
tllZT' " the better; our school-books ought to embody such

CLIMATE OF PORTLAND.

The average temperature, from observations, taken at sunrise, noon and sua-
set, for a period of thirty years, according to Mr. Beckett, were as follows:
January, 20 Fahrenheit. July, 66 Fahrenheit.

February, 21 - Augus.^ (U

28 « September, 56

^P"^' S3 " October, 45

^^^'^y' 44 " November, 34

J^^^' GO " December, 24

With few mosquitoes, and for a short time only, no cockroaches, and no

114

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

"chintzes," or bed-bugs of our own breeding, with cool nights in summer— and
winter— and with capabilities for sea-bathing, almost unequalled, what is to
hinder Portland from becoming one of the largest and most delightful watering
places in the world ?

Lincoln Park, by the way, a part of the "lungs" we have no immediate occa-
sion for, situated as we are, on a ridge of land, all open to the sea on one side,
and to the White-Hills on the other, has an area of 108,530 feet, or something
less than two and a half acres. Within the city limits, the greatest elevations
are Bramhall's Hill, 175 1-2 feet, on Munjoy, 161 feet, and the lowest point on
the ridge is 57 feet.

MOEE ITEMS.

While going through the press, great changes have begun, and large under-
takings have been set on foot among us, which must not pass without a word
of notice. For example :

At a meeting of the church-members and parish of the Pine-street church,
called with a view to build something worthier of the society, subscriptions
were opened on Monday evening last, which resulted in raising fifteen thou-
sand dollars, and last evening $5222 were added, and a promise from our towns-
man, Mr. William Deering, now of Chicago, of no less than five thousand dol-
lars, with his long accustomed liberality in the cause of religion — making
over twenty-five thousand dollars to begin with — so that we may look for a
building worthy of the cause.

And by the papers, it will be seen that we have just sold the last of our public
lands, originally amounting to millions of acres. When we began taking ac-
count of stock, and well-timbered townships became lawful tender in business
transactions, and will become of priceless value hereafter, though settling lands
may not rise to their proper level for a generation or two, notwithstanding our
recent discoveries in the Aroostook region, of unmistakable importance, relat-
ing to the productive power of lands heretofore deemed worthless. We have
lately discovered also that our spruce and hemlock and other growths, which
are flourishing where the pine growth has wholly disappeared, is worth more
than the pine growth itself ever was, though not many years ago, spruce and
hemlock were not worth bringing to market, except here and there, under very
favorable circumstances, and for special purposes.

The total amount of these land sales, just made by auction, at Bangor, is
$145,553.63. And now the State has no public domain worth mentioning. Of
the millions of acres she once owned, all has gone into the market, with cer-
tain reservations for school-houses, highways, and other like purposes ; and we
have no further need of a land-agent, although most carefully provided for in
the very outset of our career as a State.

Timber lands in Oxford, Piscataquis, and Aroostook, sold for 35 1-2 cents the
acre, and from that up to $1.30; the right to cut timber till 1884, on R. 16, Som-
erset, sold from 20 1-2 to 31 1-2 cents ; right to cut on reserved lots in Aroostook,
Pranklin and Penobscot, at from 27 cents to $1.75 per acre. Among the pur-

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

115

chasers who were really in earnest, was Mr C F Vr.., . .

acres on Township 4, K. 5, nonh of' S.^" K^Z;^:^^"'' ''''^

OUR BAXKS-THE CASCO NATIONAL.

CASCO BA^'K BLOCK.

feet Banking-room, 40 foet square, 20 feet to (l.e phle., will, open )np
roof, showing the beams and rafters, at the apex of whieh, 28 feet from the
floor, IS a eireular sicy-light of ground glass, six feet in diameter. In U,e r ar
of the bankmg-room are the direetors'-room, 10 feet square, the easln'er's.room.
IJ feet square, and a wash-room, CxO. Between tlie directors' and ca-hier's
rooms, are the money and book-vaults, as strong as brick and iron, and all the

116

POBTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

improved locks can make them. The counters are so arranged that the opera-
tives are within a hollow square, with entrance to the vaults, directors' and
cashier's rooms in the rear. The finish is of black walnut, highly polished. The
ceiling is plastered between the rafters, and beautifully frescoed in panels. The
banking-room is lighted by windows on three sides. The Casco-block on Mid-
dle-street, is of Hallowell-granite— gneiss, fifty-five feet front, and four stories
high.

Well do I remember when the Casco-Banking-house, was only a small room
in the second story of a low brick building, one of the three or four in a block, on
Middle-street, and runing from the corner of a narrow entrance, to Burnham's,
after awhile, Mitchell' s-tavern, erected I should say about 1810, with rickety,
wooden stairs, running up outside, like what we used to see leading to law-oflices
in Chicago or Cincinnati, one of which, our townsman, Bellamy Storer, occu-
pied in the day of his glory, and before he became a judge.

And now, that same Casco banking-company, occupy, as may be seen by the
plate, one of the handsomest piles of architecture among us, built of finely
dressed, and very superior stone, resembling white marble, though much better
on many accounts, especially in case of fire. Of this liberal institution, Samuel
E. Spring, one of our out-of-town growths, is president, a man of remarkable
energy and forethought; and William A. Winship, cashier; capital, $800,000.

GKENVIIiLE MELLEN".'

While giving a hurried sketch of this fine fellow, I had occasion to speak of
his young and beautiful wife, with whom, by the way, most of us popinjays
were dead in love ; and now, on opening a volume of the Yankee for another
purpose, I come upon the following paragraph, which brings husband and wife
before me, just as I saw them last, forty-five years ago, in their quiet and
soothing little home at North Yarmouth. Shall I re-publish it ?

''But the other day — not more than six months ago, Grenville Mellen was a
husband and a father, in the full enjoyment of everything that such a man
would care for, and every prospect before him that a reasonable man would
yearn after. To-day, (June 4, 1829,) he is wifeless — childless. A little
daughter, a first and only child— the flower of his heart, was transplanted be-
fore his eyes, in the summer-time, of last year, and instantly the seeds of death,
which are scattered through the whole family and kindred of his young and
beautiful wife, waiting only for the wind and rain of the sky— or the sighs
and tears of earth — to be developed, sprang up in her bosom, and to-day, she
is no more. What are such men to do under such overwhelming sorrow ? Are
they to give up in despair— to lie down forever in the dust; or shall they wake
up in renewed strength, resolved to convince the world that there is, indeed, a
prerogative in genius — a divine spirit in what is called poetry— the spirit of
manhood, of resignation, and of power."

Is it not very true, that many of these every-day happenings lie ''too deep for
tears?"

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

117

OUR BANKS— THE CAXAL NATIONAL.

Now SO Stately and imposing, of wliich, with the annexed cut before you
you must judge for yourself, was, not long ago, on Union-street, occupying the
ground-floor of a brick-building, which, for some reason or other, we called our
Athenaeum, a strange, out-of-the-way place for business-men, though to be
sure, people who visited the public-library over-head, knew where to look for it

CANAL BANK BLOCK.

on emergency; William W. Thomas, president — a town-bred man of business
late mayor, and one of the most enterprising among us, though exceeding cau-
tious and circumspect; B. C. Somerby, cashier; capital, $()00,000.

OUB PORTLAND nORTICTJLTUBAL ASSOCIATION.
•

We have just gone through with an exhibition of our fruitage and flowering,

118

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

topped off with a pomological feast, given by our Portland association to the
Maine Pomological Society, and truly, it maybe said, have astonished ourselves.
In 1859, there were but two graperies, and two green-houses in Portland. To-
day, says Mr. Hersey, the president, they may be counted by scores.

Such apples, we venture to say, were never before seen at exhibition or show, so
beautiful, so large, and of so many different kinds. Maine used to be celebrated
for sound apples, and for a few high-flavored, though not large varieties,
even when the russets, the greenings, and the Newtown pippins were supplying
the country, and going abroad by cargoes. And our pears — what shall we say
of them ? And of our grapes ? One member, Mr. George W. Woodman, sent
in twenty different kinds of pears, the result of careful selection and treatment
for a few years only, and might have sent fifteen or twenty more, if he had
thought it worth while ; and other members furnished a large variety of deli-
cious and beautiful specimens. And the grapes, the black Hamburgs, Isabellas,
Catawbas, Delawares, and other kinds, were abundant, luscious and healthy ;
all going to show what Maine is capable of doing, and what our city, and Ban-
gor, and the Kennebec region, have already done toward arousing our farmers,
and begetting a generous enthusiasm for fruit-culture, and especially for that
of apples— the best in the world, all things considered ; for, rightly treated,
many varieties are almost imperishable, in appearance at least; large, beautiful,
sound and hearty.

And then, we had the flowers,— the poetry of earth— heaps upon heaps,
glowing, fragrant, and almost shedding their colors upon the atmosphere. Po-
etry we call them — beds of poetry and baskets of poetry — because, holding
the same relation to our cabbages, beets, and other substantials, that singing-birds
bear to roast beef and mutton, that poetry bears to every-day prose, they are re-
garded by the unthinking as useless, and comparatively worthless, although
such is the refining and elevating influences of their loveliness and fragrance,
and infinite variations of color, that even the dullest of clod-hoppers will think
better of people who live in farm-houses or cottages, with roses, and honey-
suckle, and morning-glories, and woodbine or ivy clambering over the windows
and roof, instead of sun-flowers and hollyhocks, and thistle-blows, white-weed,
and buttercups, or dandelions encumbering the front-yard. On the whole,
therefore, we may well thank God and take courage, for having opened our
eyes at last, though rather late, to the resources within our reach, and the ca-
pabilities we are to be answerable for hereafter. Say what we will of grapes,
and pears, and apples, and plums — all excellent in their way, it must be ac-
knowledged— flowers are the hest educators we have; appealing to no vulgar
want, or appetite, or inclination, they enter into our being like a perfume, and
appeal to our sense of the beautiful, without regard to usefulness, or nutrition,
or market-value, like the singing of birds, the tinting of sea-shells, the spatter-
ed gold, or melted rubies, and emeralds, and purple shadows we see on the plu-
mage of birds and butterflies. And this, our people are beginning to feel and
to lay to heart— even our farmers — who, if they would keep their daughters,
and humanize their sons, must give them flowers — ?nMS«, I say, whatever they

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

119

may do about apples, or grapes, or pears ; or, what is called sentiment, will be
confined to the dwellers of cities — and vegetable-poetry will be unknown
among our laborious cultivators of the soil. The cottages of England, even the
lowliest, are often embowered in roses and clambering vines. In the South of
France, it is the same, and even among the rough habitants of Canada, they
have little enclosures in front of their miserable houses, crowded with Uuwers.

OUR BA^^KS — MERCHANTS XATIOXAL.

MERCHANTS BANK liLOCK.

doors, and sliding iron-doors— Merchants National on ground floor; Bank
of Portland, and the National Traders', on the second-floor.

Formerly occupying the ground-floor of an old-fashionod, unattrartiv»\ l)rick
building, on Exchange-street, no more to be compared with the pn'scnt four
story structure, of Albert-stone, where the institution is now flourishing, than
*'Satyr to Hyperion." Near it, on the other side of an alley, not four feet wide,

120

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

running between Jones' s-row, and the Keal-block, was the Maine-bank, now no
more. Jacob W. McLellan, president — a native Portlander, for many years a
sea-captain, then mayor, and then president of our celebrated Portland Com-
pany; Charles Payson, cashier. A very beautiful, and richly ornamented
banking-house, built of Albert-stone, which greatly resembles the celebrated
Caen-stone, so much used in the palaces of London and Paris, with brown free
stone for relief. Capital $600,000.

OUE MILITARY 0EGAITIZATI0N8

must not be overlooked, though, with our limited space, we cannot undertake
to do them justice.

Let it be remembered, that Portland furnished altogether, about five thousand
men for the last war — the war of the Eebellion — and paid bounties amount-
ing to $423,970, as we have had occasion to state before, with interest on a much
larger sum, after the State equalization. But of our own people, Portland fur-
nished 2500 men, of which 421 died : 194 of disease, 190 of wounds, 23 in Kebel
prisons, 14 by accident, and probably since the war, 100 more have died, from
causes which arose during the Eebellion. Of these, there were one lieutenant
colonel, 1 army-surgeon, 1 navy surgeon, 3 officers in the navy, 12 captains in
the army, 14 lieutenants, 32 sergeants, 1 non-commissioned staff officer, 2 mu-
sicians, 306 privates and 15 sailors.

Before the Eebellion burst upon us, like a thunder-clap, we had only five
companies of infantry, organized under State authority, viz., the Mechanic
Blues, the Light-Infantry, the Eifle-Corps, the Light-Guards, and the Eifle
Guards. All these companies lost no time in offering their services to the
State, which were accepted, and they all achieved a most honorable record in
the service, but were so cut up, and so scattered and decimated by the terrible
vicissitudes to which they were exposed, that the organizations were lost for
awhile. But when the war was over, on the 19th of February, 1869, the Me-
chanic-Blues were re-organized, under their original grant, which was dated
June 21, 1807. They have now for their captain, Charles J. Pennell, a zealous,
trustworthy leader, and every inch a citizen-soldier.

The Light-Infantry were organized at an earlier period — that is, on June 6,
1803, and re-organized June 1, 1868 — Jesse T. Eeynolds, captain, another of
our tried ones.

The Portland-Cadets, were organized January 4, 1870, Neal D. Winslow,
captain.

The Sheridan-Cadets, were organized Sept. 17, 1872, Eobert F. Somers,
captain.

The Portland Montgomery-Guards, were organized Oct. 20, 1872, Augustus J.
McMahon, captain.

The Portland Cadets were made up of the Portland High-school students,
and for a time, were called the High-school Cadets, with John Anderson for
captain, a fine, soldierly youth, and are now acknowledged for the best-drilled
company of the State, holding the champion flag, presented to them by the

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED. 121

city of Portland July 4, 1872. And this, we may be sure, is no trivial distinction,
our soldier-boys having a constitutional aptitude for military duties - when duty
calls them to the field-and are never slow in preparation, nor ever backward
m assuming a soldier's responsibility, at the first tap of the drum, or blast of
the bugle.

The Montgomery-Guards are Irish-Americans to a man, and they are all
men. During the last Presidential canvas, they were known as the Greeley
Guards, and were afterward organized under the title of the Montgomery
Guards, and, of course, are not the boys to forget Montgomery, that glorious
Irishman, who fell in storming the fortress of Quebec, if they should ever be
called into the field.

^ The Sheridan-Cadets, are another company of Irish-Americans, ju^tripenin-
mto manhood, and none being over twenty-one.

With such material to begin with, what may we not hope from our Iri^h
blood, m the day of tribulation; for much as their fathers loved their country
before they were driven away by wrong and oppression, it is certain that these
their sons, love their country as much- their country still, whether by adoption
or birth, and as Eobert Emmett, and Wolfe Tone, and Richard Montgomorv, and
Alexander Hamilton struck, so will they strike for the rights of man -the
right of self-government, and the right of going to heaven their own way,
without hindrance or molestation.

Go back to our early history — even to our earliest — and see how largely we
are indebted to these Irish, of whom not a few of our people speak dispara-in-ly
at times. ° *

Go through the history of our Revolutionaiy-war, the war of 1812-ir,, of the
Mexican-wars, our Indian-wars, and at last, of the rebellion, and see how largely
we are indebted to these warm-hearted, blundering, headlong Irishmen, who
are so much laughed at, and abused, now that the danger is over. To the' Irish
laborers, we owe much, for our canals, our highways and rail-roads, but to
the Irish soldiers, infinitely more, almost as much, indeed, as England' owes to
the Irishmen of her great military organizations in every part of the world,
where fighting is no longer play, and Wellingtons are no myth, any more than
the Sheridans are with us.

If we would know what our country owes to these Irishmen, and to these
Northern soldiers, let us consider the habits of our people for a moment. The
men of the South— our chivalry— or, as they would pronounce it, our shivalry,
are quarrelsome and overbearing; and have always had military-schools, and a
well-trained militia, and have always been familiar with fire-arms, rifle and pistol
shooting, while we of the North, as a general thing, patient and sul)niissive,
up to a certain point, whether of native or foreign birth, are, and always
have been, deplorably ignorant of arms, and averse to war and strif.>. with
no military academies, no regular training, no drilling, and are called to-
gether, but once or twice a year, only to be made more and more inoflici.'nt and
helpless, at every meeting. Our militia-system, in its best days, until within
the last five years, being a most oppressive and unrighteous poll-tax, from

122

POBTLAND ILLU8TBATED.

wMch our wealthiest men always escaped, if not by exceptions on account of
age, or some disqualifying infirmity, like dimness of sight or dullness of hear-
ing, or a sluggishness of limb, or because of holding oflSce, or being profes-
sional, a school-master, a judge, or a minister of the gospel, as if one might not
do for a chaplain, though afraid or unwilling to burn powder ; and this, while
the poor man, the every day laborer, to whom the loss of a day's work is a loss
of the dinner for his family, and perhaps of sleep, was held to a strict discharge
of his duty, and must either appear "armed and equipped, as the law directs,"
and lose a day or two, or pay a heavy fine. All. things considered, therefore,
the disadvantages under which we of the North labored, is it not wonderful
that we escaped overthrow or annihilation?— But we were not slaveholders,
and our serfs were free-laborers, paid for their services, which, after all, ex-
plains the great mystery.

OUK BANKS — THE CUMBEELAND-NATIOlSrAli.

W. F. Milliken, president, another out-of-town growth, and quite of a piece
with most of the leading men of our large cities, in all professions, and in
all kinds of business, who were trained in the country, and there learned the
value of time, the worth of labor, and the importance of thrift, and frugality.
Samuel Small, cashier ; capital $250,000. Building but so, so— of pressed-brick
with free-stone trimmings, and iron pillars. The bank still occupies, chambers
only, as it did before the fire.

OVB, INSUKANCE COMPANIES — MABINE, FIEE, LIFE, &C., &C.

These companies are numerous, and without a single exception, we believe,
trustworthy.

The oldest of all our native institutions, is the Ocean-Insurance Company, 17
Exchange-street, which has confined itself to sea-risks, hulls, cargoes, and
freights, though, as originally organized, it was intended to do a fire business,
also. Chas. M. Davis, president ; G-eorge A. Wright, secretary.

OUK FIKE-INSUEANCE

agencies, are very numerous, but all foreign, that is, of other States; and
many, if not most of our largest and safest offices, are represented among us
by the following officers.

Barnes Brothers, 28 Exchange-street, representing fourteen companies, with
assets of $10,000,000; K. W. Deering, 5 Exchange, one company, assets $1,000,-
000 ; Dow, Coffin & Libby, nine companies, assets $20,000,000 ; Jeremiah Dow,
67 Exchange, one company, assets $2,500,000 ; John E. Dow and J. S. Palmer,
1 Exchange, six companies, assets $12,000,000; J. M. Heath, 42 1-2 Exchange,
three companies, $25,000,000; W. D. Little & Co., 49 1-2 Exchange, ten com-
panies,-assets $10,000,000; John W. Munger, 156 Fore, five companies, assets
$2,000,000; W. G. Ray, 190 Fore, two companies, assets $1,250,000; Eollins,
Loring & Adams, eighteen companies, assets $50,000,000 ; Warren Sparrow, 96

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

123

Middle, three companies, assets $2,000,000; Upham & Gardiner, 7 Exchange
SIX companies, assets $2,000,000; Joseph H. Webster, 84 1-2 Middle, two com-
panies, assets $1,000,000.

LIFE-IXSURAXCE.

And we have also represented among us, The Mutual-Benefit Life-insurance,
which I, myself, had the pleasure of introducing here, immediately after its
organization, a company which has wrought many changes in the whole
system of Life-insurance, and has been, to. say the least of it, astonishingly
prosperous. Mr. Warren Sparrow is the agent now.

THE NEW-TOEK MUTUAL,

W. D. Little & Co., agents, was somewhat earlier in the field than the Mutual
Benefit company, requiring all cash however, while the Mutual-Benefit and
some other companies allow a credit of one half, on certain desirable and safe
conditions. This company, one of the largest and most prosperous in the
world, has accumulated a fund of $75,000,000.

THE NEW-ENGLAl^D MUTUAL,

of which the late William Willis, was agent for many years, and then Mr. X.
P. Deering, up to the time of his death, is now represented by J. M. Palmer.

The ^tna, by A. G. Dewey; American Popular, by John B. Hudson;
Charter Oak, by S. H. McAlpine; Equitable, by Roberts & Clark; Massa-
chusetts-Mutual, by S. F. Merrill ; Merchants, by Aug. H. Ford ; Phoenix
Mutual, by J. T. Reynolds; North America, by M. L. Stevens; State-Mutual,
by Dow, Coffin & Libby ; Travelers, by A. J. Chase.

ACCIDE2JT INSUEANCE.

Is represented here by W. D. Little & Co., A. J. Chase, and Rollins, Loring
& Adams.

OUR B.AJN'KS — THE PORTLAJfD-SAVIXGS.

On Exchange-street. John B. Brown, president; Frank Xoves, cashier.
Deposits with accumulated miQTQst, over jive millions. Decidedly ouo of the
most prudent, and cautious, and at the same time, one of the most liberal in-
stitutions of the kind, which we have any knowledge of. The president,
a host of himself, a tower of strength — sagacious and prosperous, and the
officers, managers, cashier, and assistant cashier, experienced, courteous and
faithful men, their triumphant progress from the beginning, is no marvel. Our
first Savings-bank was a melancholy failure ; both of those now in operation,
are, in fact, our safety-valves, and worthy of entire confidence.

And the building itself, including the block, which belongs to the l)ank. and
was got under-way soon after the fire, is exceedingly beautiful, without being

124 PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

overloaded, or of extravagant pretensions. It is built of pressed-brick, with
Albert-stone trimmings, three stories high, with a tall, French-roof — b^^t here
you have it, and may judge for yourself. The Banking-house, with handsome,
well-finished rooms, for the comfort and accommodation of the directors and

PORTLAND SAVIKGS BANK BLOCK.

officers, occupies the whole ground-floor, on the nearest corner ; in the second
story, the Gas Company, and law-offices, are established, and the upper
story is occupied as a hall, by all the Masonic bodies of the city, and there are
three large, handsome stores on Exchange-street, running through to Market
street.

SOMETHESTG EEMABKABLE — FOEETELLINGS AND THEIE FULFILMENT.

On the 12th of March, 1828 — nearly fifty years ago, there appeared in the
Yankee, the following bold prophecies, and stinging reflections. I do not pre-
tend to be a prophet, or the son of a prophet ; but my friend, Gen. John Marshall
Brown, who had been tumbling over a stray copy of that inestimable folio, the

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

125

Yankee, has just called my attention to the following papers, which, after due
consideration, I have concluded to re-publish, hoping that fifty years from now
they may be again disinterred, and set a-ringing once more. It is entitled
"Portland — the Future," and I have changed only here and there, a word or
two: ''We should like to ask our people, who appear to have spent a heap of
money upon the streets and side-walks of the town, whether it has been profit-
ably or worthily spent; whether, if it cost a thousand dollars to do a thing
properly, there would be any real wisdom in appropriating but nine hundred
and fifty for it? And whether it would be possible, in their opinion, to per-
suade a stranger, who had been trapped here once by a rainy day in March
ever to run the risk a second time; or in other words, whether they do or do
not believe in the old proverb, "that a burned child dreads the fire."

"As for ourselves, were we not born here, and rooted here, {rootinrj here, we
should say, if we had not a mortal aversion to a pun,) we do not believe that
we could be tempted by any reasonable bounty, to venture near such a congre-
gation of sloughs, pit-falls, mantraps, slides, slippers, and leg-breakers (we de-
sire to be particular,) as abound here — here — in one of the most beautiful
towns on the face of the earth, and capable, we are quite positive, all thing's
considered, of being made more of, than perhaps any other town of America
— after having once been caught in it, or kept in it by bad weather.

"We do wish we could persuade our people to look into the truth of a few
axioms, which require only to be stated to prove themselves.

"We say that the character of a town is but another name for its wealth and
prosperity." (N. B. Just here I should like to insert, that the character of a
town determines the character of its people.) "And we say, moreover, that its
character abroad — not at home; its character among its neighbors, and among
travelers and strangers, — not among its own citizens and house-holders, or
land-holders, will decide its prosperity for an age, if not forever. And we say
also, that however much may depend upon its hospitality, the public spirit, the
commercial spirit, or the wealth of a town, quite as much, if not more, depends
upon its public-houses, public co)iv ey ances, ronds, streets, and sidewalks; and
that either beauty of situation, or beauty of neighborhood, if rightly taken ad-
vantage of, may be made a mine of wealth, a source of perpetual revenue.
Just look at the situation of Portland. With landscapes on every side of it,
sea-shores, sea-bathing, and sea-views at every man's door; with pictures on the
earth, and pictures in the sky; water and woods, and hills, rivers and seas, and
bridges and forts, a salt-water lake on one side, with the White-IIills of Xew
Hampshire in full view of almost every house, and the high-seas on the otlier;
and yet so abominably deficient in good streets, and sidewalks, or platforms,
that for weeks and weeks every year, it is hardly possible for next-door neigh-
bors to visit each other, unless they go in a carriage, or swing themselves from
door to door by a rope, without going over shoes in mud, or slumping lialf-leg
deep into the snow and slush of the season.

"As for ourselves, we are satisfied that more money is lost, in the shape of
carriage-hire, shoe-leather, comfort, health, time, doctors' bills, &c., &c., every

126

POBTLAWD ILLUSTRATED.

year, than would be required to keep the sidewalks of the whole town as neat
as a breakfast-table." — But query — "If our young men go to a party, they must
go in boots, or in shoes that unship ; and as for the women, they cannot go at
all — they have to be carried and dropped at the door."

''Would that our men of large property would bestir themselves — or die off —
we don't care which. They are only in the way now, and if they could hear
the whisper of the public, they would find it so. If they do not wake up from
their apathy, the sooner they are off, the better. They have done all the good
they were ever capable of. Good! — to be sure they have. But how? By
looking to the future ? No — by laboring for themselves, and for themselves
alone. By educating their children, by building up houses, and hoarding up
wealth, and thereby preparing, in spite of their teeth, and as the cattle do that
enrich the hills, or tread the clay for the hands of the potter — the very materi-
al that our future statesmen are to work with, to endow with beauty and
strength, or to shape for magnificent uses. If they had half the spirit of our
young men, or if they would co-operate together, and avail themselves of the ad-
vantages that lie within their grasp, they would live all the happier for it, and
die all the richer, and Portland in ten years from to-day, would be a city of
thirty thousand inhabitants.^'

Some of these hints and suggestions were taken in good part, and now what
are we ? Just look at our streets, and sidewalks, and public-houses, and public
conveyances, our population, our wealth, and our business-resources.

"But," says the writer, "our wealthy men ought to know, must know indeed,
if they consider the matter in a way worthy of their reputed sagacity, that the
value of their houses and stores, nay, of the very dirt they tread upon — their
acres of earth, which they would retail from the apothecary-shop, if they had
the power — is in exact proportion to the character of the place where they are
situated, in the view of comparative strangers."

"Let them watch the growth of the most inconsiderable village — nay, the
first settlement or breaking up of the wilderness, let them go along with its
history, step by step, till the former has become a great commercial-city, and
the other is teeming with nations. It is the first traveler — it is the stran-
ger that settles there first ; the stranger that gives it a character with strangers,
— who cares for the favorable testimony of the inhabitants ? — they are all in-
terested witnesses — the stranger that builds it up and gives it a name and a his-
tory ; and the very day that the stranger avoids it, or bears testimony against it,
is the very day from which its downfall may be reckoned. Ask yourselves the
question. Do you not feel kindly toward that place, whatever it may be, where
you spent your time agreeably, years and years ago ? And do you not speak
bitterly of that place, whatever it may be, where you were treated unkindly, or
spent your time disagreeably — though it was in your boyhood, ever so long ago ?
And has not your influence, do you believe, hindered some person or other, in
the whole course of your life, either from settling in, or visiting that place ? If
so, it has probably lost much more than it ever gained by you, even though you
were cheated by every man you had to do with, while you were there. Look

POETLAND ILLUSTRATED.

127

at the history of the great cities of our earth, which, after rising from the
deep, like meteors — John Milton says like exhalations— like meteors have dis-
appeared, leaving their very neighborhood a desert. TVTiat has destroyed them ?
The curse of the stranger. Who would trust a ship in a port charged with
punic faith? Who would sleep in a land where the stranger is looked upon as
lawful prey? The wreck-season on the coast of Cornwall, and the harvest
reaped of travelers in the decrepit cities of Europe, have made both a by-word and
a reproach everywhere. A few years more, and tlie harvest in the cities will be
done with, and the posterity of the wreckers will be found only among the
paupers of the land that gave them birth. Look at the history of Baltiniore.
See how it throve while it bore a high character abroad; see what it has be-
come now, with its mobs, its banditti, its pirates, privateers, and bankrupts. It
Is decidedly one of the most beautiful cities in the world, with a very intelli-
gent, moral, and high-hearted community, and yet, an age may not restcjre to
it the character it lost within a period of six years." P. S. But, God be
thanked, is now restored, standing higher than ever.

It is not the natural growth of a town we are to trust to — for if a town
does not go ahead faster than the suiTounding country, it goes backward.
The population are always rowing against wind and tide. It cannot afford
to be stationary for a moment. If a place be not attractive enough to bring
the stranger to settle in it, we may be sure that it will not be attractive
enough to keep those who are born in it, and they it is, that form the true
wealth of a country. The stranger will be fixed by that which is overlooked by
the eye of one familiar with it. Turn to Portsmouth —deserted a few years
ago by all her young men, as fast as they were able to get away, she had better
been deserted by all her old men, with all their wealth into the bargain. So
with Newburyport; and both at the same time, were over-peopled with women,
with well-educated, superior, handsome, unmarried women. It was a reproach
to the country."— And how is it with Salem to-day ?

''Depend upon it, there is something wrong in the social system of every com*
munity, where fine girls are left unmarried, especially in a country like this,
where even yet, as it was in the days of Doctor Franklin, a second-hand wife,
with a ready-made family, ought to be looked upon as a fair capital to be-
gin with. It may appear strange at first, but such is the fact, and after a little
consideration, it will not appear strange, that though it must be harder to sup-
port a family than yourself, it is generally done with more ease — we have
uttered a queer paradox, but we shall not unsay it, for it is literally true. It
would be often easier for a married man to support a family in a given way,
than for a single man to support himself, in the same way. His mnghbors
have more faith in him; they see him rooted as it were, among them; his fam-
ily are his bondsmen. They are so many pledges to the public for his good
behaviour. And who that knows much of the human heart, would not prefer
the endorsement of a good wife, with two or three healthy children, to that of
most unmarried-men, for a promissory-note?"
"We don't ask people who keep fifty, or a hundred thousand dollars lying idle,

128

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED,

year after year, in the vaults of a bank, nor men who found theological institu-
tions, and then buy up notes against poor debtors, that have failed, and are
beginning the world anew, with a little family strapped on their backs — notes,
with which to pay them for wash-stands that are bought by the score to give
away ; but we speak to those who have not the courage to damn themselves so
utterly ; to those who would be sorry to have their children rejoice over their
death-bed."

"But look at home! Do we not perceive that our young men who go abroad
are attracted for permanent residences, only to the beautiful cities, or thriv-
ing towns of our country ? If they go to New-Orleans, it is only to get rich
enough to be able to leave it, and for what place? for their native town? — no
indeed, but for some town more celebrated ; more beautiful, or more enterpris-
ing. Ask anybody of experience, if it be not true, that they who have once
left their native town, are more reluctant to return to it, than the stranger is to
settle there, and this, in spite of all their supposed yearning after the home of
their childhood, and in spite of all their oaths to go back, when they are able to
keep a carriage, and make their old bare-footed playmates die with envy."

"But there are people, who, if they see their money going in large quantities,
and coming in small quantities, can never be made to believe, that after all, there
may be a profit in the operation ; just as there are those, who, if they lay out
money, are never satisfied with any other return but money — health, strength,
happiness, comfort, respectability, all these are nothing, if they cannot be scored
off in pounds, shillings and pence, or reckoned by decimals. Give such men
power, and they would never consent to the repairs of a side-walk, or a high-
w^ay, at the public cost, much less at their own. But why ? Because, forsooth,
it would be impossible to prove to them that the money they expend, will ever
come back to them, in the shape of money. The whole town may prosper for
it ; it may be thronged with strangers and visitors, from every part of the
world ; everybody may be able to live in comfort, and run about among the
curiosities, without going over-shoes in mud, and yet, these ha'penny calcula-
tors would never acknowledge, or never see that the money has not been wasted.

But enough. Our town we are proud of. We know what it is capable of
being made, and we have no patience therefore, with our people, when we
look at our side-walks and thoroughfares, and see strangers plowing through
them half-leg deep, on the way from their boarding-houses to the regular places of
business. We are half inclined to stop them in the street, and advise them not
to venture abroad without a balloon — or stilts, and a cork jacket."

But reforms followed this startling appeal, and we began to travel dry-shod,
after a city-government was established.

And again, April 2, 1828, we have another article about Portland, which
seems written for to-day. It is entitled "Portland. What is everybody's
business is nobody^ s business. Ours is a land of steady habits, and this town is
remarkable for severity of religious discipline — if not for morality. We have
plenty of law to, but who cares for it f — Look at our police-reports, and the
staggering men, women and boys, we meet with at every turn, though not a

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED, 120

drop of liquor is to be had this side of Moosehead-Lake, if we may beli.ve a
late mayor, and one of our highest authorities on the temperance question

^^"ii ;;:e^~^^ - -^^^

''Boys play bat-and-ball, at noon-day, in the most frequented streets, with
windows all about, and horses continually passing. We have constable, by the
score, and yet nothing is done." Now, all this, be it observed, was in iL-
How much better is it now? •

-Boys break into our dwelling-houses on the Sabbath-day, and steal whatever
they can carry off; they break the windows of our sleeping-chambers, in pure
sport; and they set fire to our dwellings at night, in a frolic. We have magis-
trates, and constables, and judges enough and to spare; yet no inquiry is had
no complamt is made." Yet more: '

-Cart-loads of garbage, are left steaming and smoking, day after day
on the only sidewalk of a large, wide-street, which is rendered impassible'
by the filth, and almost uninhabitable by the smell: we have citizens and
neighbors, and selectmen, and police-officers -yet these thin-s are "

Then follow a number of cases, in confirmation of all This -and then a
proposition for a City-government, which soon followed, though it liad been
refused over and over again.

LATE OPEEATIONS ON THE GRAND-TRUXK- CHANGE OF GAUGE.

We have had occasion to speak of this truly vast, generous, and well-managed
institution, more than once already.

But a gigantic operation of thi^ Company, just completed with astonishin-
energy, promptitude and success, deserves honorable mention

For many years, there has been a war of gauges in this region. At one
period the broad gauge carried all before it ; and most of us being unacquainted
with Its practical disadvantages, and having our whole attention fixed upon its
apparent advantages -greater safety and greater carrying power- we denounced
the narrow gauge, and resisted every proposed change, though it was evident
enough that the narrow must yield to the broad, or the broad to the narrow
gauge, throughout a line of twelve hundred miles.

But within the last three years, our eyes have been opened, and the magnifi-
cent operations of the Grand-Trunk, with its twenty-two hundred passen-er
and other cars to change, and yet leaving four thousand, four hundred broad
gauge trucks to be dealt with. Of these, about sixteen hundred may be
adapted to the narrow gauge, thus increasing the aggregate rollin--.stock by
that number. An idea of the magnitude of this undertaking may'bc had', by
considering that -the wheels of cars, standing at Point St. Charles, and packed
closely together, end to end, would probably cover a space of ten acres, and
stretched along a single line, would cover a distance of from eight to ten miles.
In addition to this, there were on the Anthabaska branch, on Friday iut,'ht,
Sept. 25, enough broad gauge cars, packed end to end, to cover a distance ofjks
miles.'*

130

POBTLAND ILLUSTBATED,

"This company," says the Montreal Gazette, from which the foregoing ex-
tract is borrowed, "within the last two years, have expended, including addi-
tions to rolling-stock, siding-accommodations, and the great bridge across the
Niagara-river, at Buffalo, twelve and a half million dollars.'' And now, they
have changed along the whole line of twelve hundred miles, the broad gauge
to a narrow gauge, as if by magic, having an army of laborers, stretching from
Portland to Island-Pond, who did their part of the work almost in a day.

"Of the importance of these improvements, to the efficiency and usefulness
of this great route of trade and travel, it is difficult to make an adequate esti-
mate. Not only will the line itself, be equal to a vast deal more work, but it
will be able to extend its usefulness in all directions. Cars may be loaded here
at Portland, with goods from Europe, and proceed to almost any point in the
West or North-west, without interruption, and in the same way, merchandise may
he put on the cars at Montreal, and sent to Chicago or 8an-Francisco, without
breaking bulk.''

Let us lay these facts to heart, and then publish them to the world, as by
the sound of trumpets, until we are known everywhere, as the chief central
depot in the great inter-oceanic thoroughfare, between the Old World and the
;^e^_tlie Atlantic and the Pacific.

P. S. We cannot withold the following items, that have just appeared m
the Argus, one of our half-dozen papers, which, to say the least of them, are
entitled to entire confidence, in all such matters. Alike trustworthy, and
careful, they deserve all we have said or can say of them, as business-papers in
particular, to say nothing of their newspaper qualifications.

"The advantages to follow from this change of gauge, can hardly be estimated.
It is sufficient to know that a car-load of tea, silks or flour, from San-Francisco,
can now be landed on our streets, without change of gauge or break of bulk, and
vice-versa, a car of European goods from Portland can be landed in San-Fran-
cisco; and also that, with equal facility, goods can be moved to and from our
city to every part of the United-States and Canada."

OUK THEATKE8.

What a wonderful change! Not long ago, a theatre in Portland seemed to
be out of the question. We had tried, over and over again, year after year,
but in vain; although something would be set up and called a theatre, even
the "Portland Theatre;" but after a few convulsive gasps, it would undergo a
change, and actually disappear, sometimes for a long period. But just now,
such is the desire, such the rage for theatricals, that we have not only amateur
clubs, dramatic-associations and itinerant companies, wandering hither and
thither in our midst and about our neighborhood, but no less than two theatri-
cal companies, with two regularly organized theatres, under a different name,
to be sure, one being "The Portland-Museum and Opera-House," in Fluent's
Block and the other "Ward's Opera-House," in what used to be known as
Music-Hall, on Congress-street, with a "grand Family-Matinee," on every Satur-
da.j-afternoonl And all this, too, while we have theatrical performances in

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

131

our Congress-square church-vestry (Universalist), for some charitable or other
purpose. And why this change? Simply because, our people have come to
their senses, and are as willing to hear a sermon from the stage, as from the
platform or pulpit, and as ready to see a sermon acted in a theatre-or muse-
um-or opera-house -by well-behaved men and women, as in the Plvmouth
Church, K Y., or in other ecclesiastical bodies. And this, too, without any
falling away, or backsliding. It is not we, who have changed, but they, the
managers and caterers for such institutions. ^Miat was once not only tolerated
upon the stage, by our best people, but encouraged, like the Beggar's Opera the

PORTLAND MUSEUM AXD OPERA-UOUSE.

Tartuffe, or Hypocrite, the Fair Penitent, and fifty others we could name, have
passed away, and would not be endured without emasculation, so that oar
conscientious objections are no longer in play; and then too, more attention is
paid to the moral character of players now; and it is no longer said, nor even
suggested, that we have no more right to complain of Portia, or Juliets' repre-
sentative, though abandoned or shameless, than of a shoemaker for unfaith-
fulness as a husband, or misbehavior generally, provided his workmanship ia

132

PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

wliat it should be. This dangerous fallacy, which served in other days, would
not be listened to, in our day. And therefore it is, that some of the sturdiest
among the adversaries of theatrical representations and theatres, have lately
undergone— to all appearance — a thorough change of opinion— myself among
the number.

Once, and for many years, a friend of theatrical performances, though never
intimate with actors or actresses, nor ever an habitual frequenter of theatres,
either abroad or at home, I was led into a severe criticism of certain actors and
actresses, whose profligate behavior stirred me up, and exasperated me, while
they were continually urging the example of Addison, of Dr. Johnson, of Dr.
Young, or of Hannah Moore, as writers of plays, to justify their mis-representation
of character, by their private lives, which rendered their best playing, an offen-
sive caricature. And then— to follow out some of these changes — a proper
occasion having presented itself, and the stage being occupied by men and
women of good character— well-behaved moralists, if nothing more, I began to
speak well of plays — plays of the right kind, I mean, of course— and of actors,
where I knew them to be quite as good as the rest of us. Whereupon, my
excellent friend Dr. Carruthers, called on me and remonstrated ; and the conse-
quence was, that I went off upon quite another tack, and, without abandoning
my convictions, or shuffling, I added a few qualifications ; and so far did I
carry my love of consistancy, as a church-member, that I refused to see the
performance of my old friend Hackett, whom I had introduced upon the London
stage, when he came here and played Falstaff, his greatest character, and the
richest of all his fine personations, if I may judge by what I have heard; for I
never saw it, nor him afterward.

But the change has come, and I am heartily glad of it. We may have
preaching now, and the best of preaching from the stage, as well as from our
closets, or pulpits ; and just as there may be silent preaching, by our daily walk
and conversation, so there may be, hj playing.

A word or two now of our theatrical history. When I was a boy, and a very
small boy, not over eight or ten, I was taken to our first theatre, near Union
Hall, I should say, where a farce, which I have never met with, nor heard of
since, Blue Devils, was undergoing a representation. Though not much of
a critic, I remember being sadly puzzled by "me father," and "O, me father!"
uttered by a pretty girl, as she clung to an old white-haired man, the very
image of the late James D. Hopkins— if not James D. Hopkins himself —in
whose house, connected with a rope-walk, where the Hopkins-block now stands,
my mother lived.

But my pleasure was short lived — " me father ! O, me father!" being about
all I heard of the play, and all I saw, except the light of a candle which I mis-
took for a star, seen through a heavy baize curtain. I was wanted elsewhere
it seemed— having swindled my poor mother out of her consent, by saying
that I shouldn't wonder if Mr. Jenks, the printer, for whom I had done some
little errand, should take me with him to see the play, whereupon she pooh-
poohed I at my folly, in supposing such an event within the limits of possibility.

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

133

but did not say no. And therefore I went. Being alarmed by my absence, how-
ever, all at once it popped into her head that perhaps I had gone to the devil in the
way mentioned; and so she started a couple of the " friends" on my track, one
of whom, after hurrying me away, just as I began to breathe freely, took me
down to the old jail, then kept by Gibbs, in the rear of our new City-Hall, and
there, standing at the huge wooden gate, made believe all he could, to frighten
me— but he failed — failed pitibly — and I went home to my dear mother, a
wiser, if not a sadder boy.
Our next theatre, after many a long year, was in the Union Hall — but I

VIEW ox MIDDLE STREET.

never saw the inside of it; and then our old play-goers, who, as business-men,
believed that a theatre would be a great attraction to strangers, got together, and
about forty years ago, built a very respectable theatre on Free-street, which was
in full blast for a season or two — with long intervals of rest — and then sold to
the Methodist Episcopal Church, who purged it, as with fire, remodelled it, and
finally added a tall spire and a handsome turret, and stuccoed the front, and
made it one of our finest buildings.

134

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

After this— many years after— Mr. Francis O.J. Smith, one of our most
energetic, adventurous and remarkable men, built a theatre for us in Union
street, which, after awhile, came into the hands of Mr. John B. Brown, and
then into those of his first partner in business, Mr. St. John Smith, another of
our straight-forward, prosperous and wealthy country-boys.

And now, after another long interval, during which we have been satisfied
with occasional exhibitions at our City Halls, both old and new, and at Deering
Hall, by wandering associations, we have these two theatres. Museums, or
Opera-Houses — whichever you will — to satisfy the reasonable desires of our
young men, and keep them out of mischief — to say nothing of our old men —
and very little of the strangers, that are believed to be on their way, tolled in,
or roped in, we care not which, so that they bring their money and take away
our goods. Bo Ji of these houses are prettily finished and furnished, and very
creditable to our taste, and the companies are said to be /ass-raie, as General
Tom Thumb used to say, with his little, cracked, trumpet-voice.

OUK BANKS — THE MAINE SAVINGS.

On Exchange-street, Benjamin Kingsbury, jr., late municipal judge and
then mayor, president. Alfred Burton, cashier. Deposits, and accumulated
interest, nearly /owr millions. This, too, is an institution we have reason to be
proud of. Carefully managed, exceedingly prosperous, we may be thankful
indeed for the security it offers to the productive classes and property-holders
— 'the builders and mechanics of our city.

OUB BANKS — THE NATIONAL TEABEES.

A. K Shurtleff, president — another of our earnest and faithful business
men, occupying the front second-story chamber ; as it did that of a low, brick
building on Fore-street, before the fire, with stairs outside. Edward Gould,
cashier. Capital, $250,000.

OUE PEIVATE BANKING-HOUSES.

We never have had a private banking-house, here, until Messrs. John B.
Brown & Sons, launched out into a new field of enterprise, after their enor-
mous sugar-house had been swept away, with all of its outlying appendages, by
the great fire, and opened at No. 40 Exchange-street — our Wall-street — in a
large, handsome building, put up to order, by Mr. William W. Thomas, of
pressed brick, with free-stone trimmings, iron pillars, &c. ; followed by Mr.
William N. Gould, with his private "Bank of Poetland," in a very modest,
unpretending, though evidently profitable way. But we have had, and still
have, brokers, eminently trustworthy, to supply certain of our wants, such as
Henry M. Payson, 32 Exchange-street, Swan & Barrett, 100 Middle-street, and
William E. Wood, 61 Exchange-street, all bankers in their way,

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED,

135

BOOK STOKES — BAILEY AND N0YE3.

We have already had occasion to say a few words, about this fine establish-
ment, but, having had our attention called to it afresh, we find that we have
not done the parties full justice.

In the first place, the store itself is one of the largest, handsomest, and most
conveniently arranged business-establishments of the kind, in all the United
States.

In the next place — to be more particular — the building Itself occupies the

BAILEY & NOYES' BLOCK.

ground of two large deep stores on Exchange-street — the Wall-street of Port-
land— is three stories high, with a French roof, and built of pressed-brick, with
iron caps and Albert-stone sills and trimmings.

The Sales-room on the ground floor is believed to be, and undoubtedly is, the
finest bookstore in Maine, with an overflow of all that is precious in literature.

136

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED,

In the third place, the finish throughout is very beautiful, being of carved
walnut, chestnut and butternut woods, just such as Michaux, in his JTorth
American Sylva, first called our attention to, as a mine of wealth, and a trea-
sury of taste, in comparison with which the foreign woods we have heretofore
used so abundantly are but rubbish in many cases, and even the best, not so
beautiful as our commonest native-growth — the birds-eye maple and black ash
for example. Here you find a collection of authors in most of the languages
now in use ; with all kinds of stationery, account-books, writing papers of the
most beautiful tinting, perfumed note paper, and all the luxuries of boudoir,
ofl&ce, and counting-room.

On the second floor, they have a constant supply of the Chickering pianos,
and of Mason and Hamlin's Cabinet Organs, of the best character and most
beautiful workmanship — this firm being the exclusive agents for both, in this
part of our country.

Up another flight, you find yourself in a large hall, given over to the exhibi-
tion of paper-hangings of all patterns, colors and prices.

And finally, on mounting to another story, you enter one of the largest and
best arranged book-binderies of New-England, superintended by Mr. G-eorge S.
Bailey, and turning out a large quantity of the best work that can be done
by skilled workmen, with machinery and brains for whatever may be wanted.

EAGLE SUGAK-BEFINERY.

John Sparrow, President ; John Sparrow, G. S. Hunt and J. W. Williams,
Directors. Geo. S. Hunt & Co., selling agents.

It is only within a few years, eight or ten perhaps, that we have meddled
with the business of refining sugar ; and this, notwithstanding our large Cuba
trade, amounting almost to a monopoly, and though dull now, on account of
the domestic troubles in that most beautiful island, quite sure to revive with
the first signs of tranquility there.

The Eagle Sugar-Refinery was incorporated in 1838, with an allowed capital
of $250,000. They manufacture sugars from molasses only, and have a wide
reputation for what are called C — C C — and extra C sugars.

The process is by boiling in vacuo, and purging with centrifugal machinery.
They are able to turn out the product of from seventy to eighty hhds. per day,
yielding about twenty tons of sugar ; and now it is said that their full time
capacity is all of one hundred and fifty hhds. a day.

Take it altogether, by and large, as the sailors say, this Company may be
justly regarded as at least equal to any in the United States. It is not a kiln-
drying operation — steam only is employed — and no fires are used, except for
the boiler, which generates all the steam required throughout the works. It
may be worthy of especial mention, that a committee of the ^STew-York under-
Avriters, who went through the land for purposes connected with their business,
decided, after a thorough examination, that the Portland Eagle Sugar-Refinery
was beyond all question, the best establishment of the kind they had ever
seen.

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

1S7

After a course of patient and careful, and it may ^vell be supposed, of costly
experiment, the works were remodelled, in 1860, and such improvements were
introduced, as enabled them to double their producing power. As already men-
tioned, their sugar is made from molasses, and not refined sugars -and the
process being now well umlerstood, and justly appreciated- not kiln-b.>ilin-
but steam boiling-the product bears a ready market-value for all thoy can
furnish.

They furnish eleven grades of sugar to satisfy the continually increasing
demands of the market, and these range from nearly white, down to a dark

EAGLE SUGAR REFINEUY.

yellow, and all are kept to a scrupulous unchanging standard, so that purchas-
ers may always be sure of what they order. The process itself is known as the
centrifugal, and is everywhere valued for the safety and quickness of its ope-
rations.

The sugars are barreled off on the fifth day after the molasses is received.
The machinery is very beautiful and ingenious. There are twenty-four centri-
fugals in the lower story; ten vacuum-pumping engines, two vacuum pans,
two steam-boilers, each of two hundred horse-power.

About two thousand hhds. of water are used every day for coiidonsing tlio
vapor which rises from the vacuum pans. The boiling is done at a tcun)craturo

138

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

as low as 120°, with a vacuum of twenty-eight inches ; which is indicated by
exceedingly delicate instruments attached to the pans. At any time, the water
pumps can be turned on and used as force-pumps. The steam-pump has a ca-
pacity equal to that of two steam fire-engines, and 150 feet of hose are always
ready for use. The furnace is set on a brick floor, and the steam pumps are
all covered with asbestos.

1^0 steam-pipe runs nearer than four inches to any wood-work ; and where
the pipes run through the floor, they are set in tin plates, and tin is freely used,
throughout the building, wherever there are any pipes. The works are abun-
dantly lighted from the skies, and gas only used in the ofiice and one other
place, near a stairway to the basement. The walls are protected with iron,
and the whole interior made undeniably safe. The machinery is in perfect
order — and always kept so — the store-room is fire-proof, and the pan-room
carefully watched. The store is about twenty feet in the rear of the main
buildings, which are of brick, and here it is that the molasses is stored until
wanted.

OUK POETLAITD MECHANICS AKD APPBENTICES.

Last evening, Sept. 30, we had a great gathering of our mechanics at the
seventeenth triennial, of the Maine Charitable-Mechanic Association ; and a
supper worthy of the occasion, with speeches, toasts, songs, and lots of me-
chanics' wives, daughters and sweethearts, to make it pleasant for strangers.

Out of debt — wholly oat of debt — with a building, worth to-day, nearer a
hundred and twenty-five or one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, than what
it cost in 1856, with the land — that is, ninety thousand dollars ; with a library
of four thousand volumes, a clear income of four thousand dollars a year, and
about to organize a school of design, for the mechanical arts in all branches,
free of access to all who come properly introduced — what may not be hoped
from the mechanics of Portland, hereafter ?

Compare the public, ay, and the primte-huil^rngs, of our city, put up within
a few years, just before and since the fire, and going up now in every part,
with all that had been done before, and then say whether Portland has not re-
deemed herself, and acquired imperishable honor, by her enterprize and thrift,
her ambition and her taste. And this, be it remembered, is mainly the work
of our mechanics. Having associated together in 1815, under great difiiculty
and discouragement, only fifty-seven in all, they persevered through evil report
and through good report, undergoing the trials common to all our producing
classes, and all our property-holders, during the war of 1812 to 1815 — with all
that preceeded and all that followed, the wasting of our heritage by embargoes,
non-importation acts, and non-intercourse acts — until they had built for
themselves and their children's children, in perpetuity, that noble monument,
the Mechanics' -Hall.

We had a capital summary view of its past history, in the address of Mr.
Charles P. Kimball, the late gubernatorial candidate of our two-fisted, strong

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

189

hearted democracy, apd were not a little gratified to learn, that, for a long
time, though not from the first, when the bells rang out their eleven o'clock
and four o'clock invitation to the grog-shop or the rum-jug — but for many
years, their constitution denied membership to all drinking-men, without
waiting till they became drunkards by prof ession ; for this association, there-
fore, it was claimed, not by Mr. Kimball, alone, but by others, that they began
the temperance counter-march, to sobriety, which has ended — where we find it
now. But Mr. Oliver Gerrish, one of its oldest members, informed us that the re-
form originated in the Ancient-Landmark Lodge, of Free-and-Accepted masons,
long before 1815 — about 1807, he thinks. Be it so. "Whenever it begun — and

VIEW C01tJ.'ER OF BROWN AND CONQRESS-STKEETS.

whoever began it — great good has been accomplished, and not a little mischief,
by over-doing, and by attempting impossibilities, by coml)ining i)olitics with
temperance, and forgeting the injunction, to he temperate in all thinrjs.

A son of Captain Coyle, with a rich, ponderous voice, well worth rcmemlKring,
was persuaded to give us a song — one verse of which, canonized the wine-cup,
as did most of the songs, in use fifty years ago — and though he apologi/.od hand-

140

POBTLANB ILLUSTBATED.

somely, yet, when called out by a vociferous encore, many times repeated, he
gave us another, in praise of beer, of malt, and hops, and brown stout, as the ali-
ment of our fathers, the Gods of the Sea. Of course, all the hearty, generous,
old-fashioned tipplers, whether of beer, ale, brown-stout, Santa-Cruz, or Jamai-
ca, or Holland-gin, will remember the doctrines that were always to be heard
on festivals, election-day, and fourth of July —
"If any pain or care remain,
Let's drown it in the bowl."

For example; or

"Delightful days of whim and soul,
When mingling love and laugh together,

We leaned the book on Pleasures' bowl,
And turned the leaf with Folly's feather.

&c., &c.

And when John Pierpont — that apostle of temperance — wrote "thy glass may
be purple and mine may be blue," upon a question of theology, while he gave up
Beecherism for Unitarianism.

But our friends of the Maine Charitable Mechanic- Association, must not be
left here. In addition to their pledge, now about to be redeemed, quietly, and
unostentatiously, to establish a school of design, for the help of beginners and
strangers, who need instruction, as a capital to enter life with, so that they
may not only design, but execute, hereafter, with a full understanding of me-
chanics, of properties, of the strength of material, and of safety from fire — in
addition to this — they have almost pledged themselves — would we might say not
only almost hut, altogether, as Paul did — to revive, or, at any rate, to establish a
liberal system of apprenticeship, so that the rash and presumptuous boys may be
helped, who are now turned loose upon society, after a few months worried away
in some mechanical trade, only to spoil whatever they undertake — at half
price — and at quarter-work, until, in the hurry of business, they supersede our
skilled workmen. Ignorant, perhaps, of the very elements of the trade they
profess — the verv alphabet — they rush headlong into business for themselves,
underbid others who have gone through a long course of training, if not of regu-
lar apprenticeship — or as journeymen. Of this great evil — evil to the young
men who are honestly disposed to earn their own living, and evil to the com-
munity, Mr. Kimball spoke earnestly, and with his large experience, in a way
to produce a profound impression. To hear some people talk about the labor-
ing or productive classes, one would almost believe, that they had never heard of
our great Master, who chose fishermen for apprentices, and was himself a car-
penter, nor of Paul, the tent-maker.

OUR COUNTRY-BOYS — DEVELOPED.

Everywhere — in all the cities and commercial-centres of our country, at any
rate, if no where else— they have their A. T. Stewarts and Cornelius Yander-
bilts, and a class of leading business-men and professionals, lawyers, doctors
and preachers, who were born and bred in the country ; men who labored in
their boyhood, up to man's estate, and learned to breathe freely, without much

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

help, until they began to feel acquainted with themselves, and to find out, by little
and little, what they were good for — and then hopped the twig — and launched
forth into God's free air, and became, after a few years, the foremost amonc
their fellows.

We have a hundred or two of such men among us ; and nothing would gratify
us more than to read their biographies — their auto-biographies, if you will —
to follow them, step by step, through their preparatory exercises, in tiie country
school-house, wading through snow drifts up to their necks, or in the dark

VIEW ox CONORESS-STKEET.

wilderness, getting out wood for the winter, and cutting and splitting the knot-
tiest and most unmanageable of logs, like so many playthings, till they lay
piled in heaps, for oven, wood, and so on, up — and up — and up — until we
find them Presidents of Banks, clothed in purple and fine linen, and faring
sumptuously every day, the acknowledged leaders in all great enterprises of
the day.

Among these, and the very first that occurs to our recollection, for we have

142

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

known them well, from their first coming to Portland, are John B. Brown, of
Lancaster, New Hampshire — we do not like to say the Honorable John B.
Brown, nor John B. Brown, Esquire, for such every-day embellishments add
nothing to the value of such men — and St. John Smith, once co-partners in
trade here, and keeping a small country-store — for it was nothing else, even
here — in Morton's Block, on Middle, now Congress-street, just above the Long-
fellow mansion, bartering their groceries for hoop-poles and shooks, country-
produce and all sorts of truck, as they do, away up in Oxford.

It seems they were both in the same store as shop-boys, at G-ray, if I do not
mistake the place, a small, quiet village, about fifteen miles from Portland.
After getting well acquainted with the business— such as it was — and with the
farmers in all that region, such as they were — they began to hear ''The night-
mare moaning of Ambitious breast," and forthwith pulled up stakes, and started
for Portland, Smith to enter a small shop, or store, on Exchange-street, where
his uncle, Eliphalet Smith, one of our old-fashioned retail haberdashers, had
grown rusty over pins and needles, quality-bindings and cheap calicoes. What
Brown took to for a season, I never knew ; but when I returned from abroad,
after an absence from Portland of a dozen years, or so, I found them both in
business together as Smith and Brown, and evidently prospering, though in a
small way, compared with what they have done separately, since their separation.

And the result has been, after a busy life of about fifty years, that Mr. Smith
is one of our largest real-estate holders, with handsome blocks of stores and
houses in different parts of the city, and his fellow shop-boy, not only one of
our largest, but I am inclined to believe the largest property-holder among us —
paying a tax for himself of twenty thousand dollars ; owning many blocks of
stores among our handsomest and best, and one block of dwelling-houses, if no
more, a large, beautifully ornamented, and highly cultivated domain, away up
on Bramhall-Hill, with what deserves to be called a chateau, or villa, occupied
by himself, and with a cluster of tasteful habitations, occupied by his children,
all within half rifle-shot of their father.

And now, just now, we find him building another block, of four large, hand-
some, brick-stores, on Cross-street, 100 by 74 feet— a large manufacturing ware-
house on Union-street, and filling up a large district on the water-side, where
no less than three wharves, belonging to him, are now fully occupied. Brown's
wharf, the Berlin Mill's wharf, and Merchants' wharf; to all these, and from
one to another, he is also laying railways; whereby, uninterrupted com-
munication may be kept up, with all our leading railways, and with our
great lumbering-region. But enough— are not such men worth mentioning,
while they are yet alive, and busy among us ? or would you have them and us
wait for an obituary notice?

And then we have T. C. Hersey, a former partner of St. John Smith, and
one of our most faithful, earnest and thoroughbred business-men, among the
foremost of those indeed, who have introduced large manufacturing-associa-
tions among us.

And the two Springs, Andrew and Samuel E., both country-boys, and both

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

143

among our foremost business-men; and the two Joses, Horatio X., and Charles
E. — and George W. Woodman — and William Deering— and William II. Milli-
ken — and the two Storers, Horace P., and Frederick, and the two Libbys,
Harrison L, president of the First National-Bank, and James B. ; and Shurt-
leff, Ambrose K, president of the National Traders'-Bauk, all of the back
country growth, and all men to be proud of— to say nothing of our town-bred
property-holders, and bank-presidents, who are not among those who die of
sheer inanition, or live, rubbing their shins, or twirling their thumbs, and com-
plaining—or murmuring— at all the ways of Providence; lamenting the good

VIEW ON MIDDLE STKEKT,

old times, and thinking only of tlieir misfortunes, of their losses and trials, and
disappointments and sorrows, but never of their comforts and blessings and
deliverances and exemptions — of whom we have enough and to spare among
some of our thriftiest old good-for-nothings, who, if the truth must be spoken,
have no business here. But enough — we must draw the line somewhere, else
we should only be filling out a catalogue of mere names, without a word to dis-
tinguish one from another, which ^^ould never do — Portland is not to be
illustrated in that way; and therefore, we must be satistiod with a few stero-
scopic-views and a turn or two of the kaleidescope, however much we may
desire to deal with scores who have not been mentioned, and whom we liave no
space for mentioning here.

144:

POBTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

GEAJTD AKMY OF THE REPUBLIC.

A Fair has just been opened in our City-Building, for the help of this most
praiseworthy organization. An address was delivered last evening, brief and
comprehensive, by Charles P. Kimball, who had been greatly conspicuous
at the very outbreak of the rebellion, by introducing an order, which passed
the City Council, providing for the support of the families of volunteers ; and
being himself what we have called a war-democrat, we had, and still have,
all the more reason for thankfulness ; for who can over-estimate the influence
of such a resolution, at such a time, by such a man, throughout this whole
region ?

From this address, remarkable alike for its unpretending truthfulness and
simplicity, we have taken several passages, which embody an amount of infor-
mation respecting our first movements in Portland, not elsewhere to be found,
and of such a nature, as to well deserve a more permanent shape, so much
does it concern the character of our people, as a self-sacrificing community,
energetic, prompt and faithful in the discharge of their obligations to their
beloved country.

On hearing that fires had been opened upon Fort Sumpter, the outrage wgis
felt, like an earthquake throughout the land. Our whole population sprang to
their feet ; and the following passage will show something of the stir that fol-
lowed :

" Sunday, April 21st, was one of the most exciting days of the war. A public
meeting assembled in front of the old City-Hall that could be numbered by
thousands, from a notice of less than two hours ; speeches were made by C. C.
Woodman, Wm. P. Fessesnden, F. O. J. Smith and Albion Witham, and one
other. This was the first great war meeting in Portland ; but one feeling pre-
vailed, and that was to defend the flag and to stand by the government and the
constitution."

On the 22d of April, the Legislature came together, and Governor Washburn,
our present Collector, sent in a message— or delivered an address — which was
received with a transport of enthusiasm.

''Immediately at its close Mr. Gould, of Thomaston, one of the ablest and
most prominent Democrats of the State, introduced a resolution pledging the
entire resources of the State in men and money to the vigorous support of the
government in an effort to put down the rebellion.^'

And this pledge was gloriously redeemed.

" The Legislature promptly responded to the patriotic recommendations of
the Governor and the wishes of the people. Gen. Veazie, of Bangor, tendered
the State a loan of $50,000 ; other banks and bankers promptly followed. En-
listments went on as they never did before, and probably never will again. The
excitement continued to be intense. Business was neglected or at a standstill.
The calm, dignified Judge Davis adjourned the supreme judicial court on the
23d day of April, stating that his mind was so pressed with the cause of his
country that he felt he was unfit to try a case. He had no doubt the lawyers,
clients and jury felt the same."

The generous contagion spread like a prairie-fire.

" Troops began to pour into Portland from this section of the State. The
Norway Light Infantry, Capt. Beals, I think, were the first to arrive, and they

POBTLANB ILLUSTRATED. 145

^^JV>fp fi^=f and soldiers with great enthusiasm and admiration

The first regiment was speedily formed and went into camp and were
mustered into the United States service. And then, for the first t me Z
stern duties and regulation of United States soldiers 'were required tiitm
lel^amflies.'' ^''""""^ 'P'"' " '''''' nights' with

And then followed the arrangements heretofore mentioned.
,"?'^7^S90^ began to realize they were soldiers indeed, and the thou-ht of
leaving their families began to haunt them. The money hey ha( lef Tt home
would soon be gone, then who would care for the wife and chi dren ? I^w
well I remember those sad days, and how I pray to God I may never sco theU^
like again. The feeling of the soldiers soon reached the pecVle and tho citV
authorities. Mayor Thomas called a special meeting of the City C^Jui cil to see
what action they would take looking to the care of these families

One ot the aldermen introduced an order appropriating the sum of ten
thousand dollars for the aid of the wives and children of the soldiers n.m this
city This order was unanimously passed, and a committee of both branches
of the city government was appointed to carry out the provisions of the order
and I say with pride for this city, that I know the work was faithfully done ' '

The alderman referred to here was but one of many who began to feel their
accountability ; and 10,000 dollars to begin with was no trifle at the time, though
we thought nothing of hundreds of thousands after awhile.

"But," continues Mr. Kimball,

"The same evening, a member of the Common Council offered, and the
Council passed, a resolution saying to all the men that had or should hereafter
enlist, that we should consider their families as children of the city. I am thus
particular that you may plainly see, under what fair promises and pied-es
fW . ' w "^7' ^,h;0.had heart and courage enough to lay down their livesfo;
their country, left their beloved wives and precious children. How well I re-
?crM warm pressure of their hand, as they tearfully left their homes to

fight, that you and I might enjoy the blessings of this free country. And how
feelingly they would say to you, meaning the people of this city : ' Ve leave our
wives, our children our loved ones, all in your care. See to it that they do not
fwnf w''\, ^''^^^'^ lia^e we done all for them we promised, aU

that they desire? We have done much for which God will bless us a thousand

or go on ? ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^'^^* ^^^^^ ^^'^"'^ ^""^"^ "^"^ '^"^^^

"At last, a sense of this great and solemn obligation began to be felt in the
hearts of our people, far and wide, all over the land; and in 18G5, an organiza-
tion, calling Itself the grand akmy of the republic, spran^ ud hi
golden panoply complete. Originating at Decatur, Illinois, and beginning with
a representation of eleven States only, which organized the fi?st Xalional
Encampment, Nov. 30, 1866, it went on, till in December, 1807, twenfu-one
States were represented at the Pennsylvania Convention, icith a membership of
over 200,000, which has been constantly increasing.

"The Department of Maine was organized January, 1868, and now we have
twenty-one posts, in the most perfect working order."

But enough — the address itself was worthy of the occasion, and the Fair,
with all its contributions, and attractive arrangements, something to be proud
of, and thankful for, not only now, but hereafter. Let all the people say
Amen!

If you would know more particularly, what Portland accomplished during
the war, from the very outbreak to the end, when her maimed and scarred

146 PORTLAND ILLUSTBATED.

veteran survivors returned in triumph to their homes, and took their places
among us, just as if nothing had happened, look at pages 120-122. The history
of the world contains nothing to be compared with what followed the disband-
ing of our armies. Instead of levying contributions all along our highways;
instead of over-running the land with banditti and thieves, ravishers, house-
breakers and pillagers, our soldiers went back to their business, to their
workshops and counters and counting-rooms, at the first tap of the drum -
ready to re-appear, if wanted at the second tap, as they had over and over again
during the war, after being relieved on furlough, a hundred thousand at
once Of a truth, one hardly knows which most to wonder at, their bravery in
battle, their patience under the wrongs and outrages of the prison-houses, or
their immediate acquiescence in the order of its change, or their amazing self-
control and self-respect, as manifested on their return to civil life.

WESTBROOK SEMINAEY.

We are indebted to a friend for the following account of another institution,
which has done much, and promises more. , , rr

"The Westbrook Seminary had its birth in a resolution Pf f,^^^^};^
bee Association of Universalists, in its annual session at Greene, Sept. 29,
1830 "— JSeu. Wm. A. Drew, in Gospel Banner of April, 1870.

"This Convention provided for a meeting at Westbrook, to take into consid-
eration the matter of a classical school, or Seminary, 'digest a plan for the same,
and taking measures for accomplishing the object. Kevs. W. A Drew^ of Au-
gusta: S. Brimblecom, of Korridgewock ; W. L Keese, of Portland; Hons. C.
lolland, of Canton; J. Dunn, jr., of Poland; S. Gardiner, of Bowdomham;
Elisha Harding, of Union; Maj. J. Russ, of Farmington; Dr^A. Pierce, of
Greene; Gens. Thomas Todd, of Portland, and J. Herrick, of Hampden were
appointed to address the public upon the subject. There was considerable dis-
cussion in this convention, as to location ; Waterville, Winthrop and Westbrook
were named, but finally, as there was no similar institution m New England
(or indeed, as far as known, in the world), it was thought to make the school
as accessible as might be, to Massachusetts and New Hampshire, and it was
established at Westbrook. According to appointment, a meeting was holden at
Stevens' Plains, Oct. 27, 1830, Dan. Read, of Lewiston, was chosen president,
and Daniel Winslow, of Portland, secretary. It was voted to adopt a constitu-
tion, and petition the next Legislature for an act of incorporation. This was
obta ned, and the Westbrook Seminary incorporated, and the following trustees
^ppo^nted: J. C. Churchill, F. O. J. Smith, Daniel Winslow Nathan Nutter,
Wm. Slemmons, Moses Quinby, Josiah Dunn, W. A. Drew, D McCobb, G. W.
Tinker Alfred Pierce. These, with others allowed by the Charter, met the
foUowing May, and organized as follows: Hon. J. C. Churchill, president,
Dan^ Winslow, vice-president and secretary, Hon. F. O. J. SmiUi treasurer.
The Universalis; convention, which met in June, at Farmington Falls, endors-
ed the plan and purpose, and appointed Rev. Messrs. Drew and Brimblecom
to address 'our Religious public,' on the subject. Mr Brimblecom was at
that time in charge of the parish at Stevens' Plains, and was one of the most

148 POBTLAITD ILLXTSTBATED. ^

earnest workers in collecting funds, and pushing the matters of the Seminary
toward completion. He was at that time associate editor of the Christian
Pilot and mentions in the issue of May 23, 1833, that 'the building is now m
Drogress.' In the spring of 1834, a 'brick-building, 37x70, two stories high,
with a cupola,' was erected on land generously given by Z. B. Stevens, and O.
Buckley, Esq. Cost of building about $7000.

''The first term commenced June 9, 1834, with Kev. Samuel Brimblecom,
nrincipal, Rev. Alvin Dinsmore, assistant. Board was secured in private
families, in the neighborhood, at $1.25 to $1.75 per week. Mr Brimblecom re-
si^d in the fall of 1836. Between this time and 1839, Mr. Furbush had
charge of the school, a portion of the time. In 1839, John K. True, was chosto
principal, and remained until Dec. 1842; to him

ceeded 1843, Moses B. Walker, and Geo. W. True; 1844, E. P. Hmes; 1846,
r! W Bradford; 1849, Rev. L. L. Record; 1851, Mr. Nathaniel Hatch. Rev
J p' Weston, came to the charge, in March, 1853. The school had been closed
for several terms, and was in a very low state. Mr. Weston gave it new life,
and it began to show permanent strength. _

"Phieflv through Mr. Weston's untiring efforts, money was raised for build-
ing and furnishing Goddard-Hall. He resigned in the fall of 1859. J-- that
time the school was under the charge successively of Messrs. C. S. Fobes, S B.
Rawson and B. G. Ames, until Rev. S. H. McCollister, took charge m the
^nrinff of 1861. Under his care, the institution continued to prosper.

*'Rev J C. Snow, was called, in 1869, and under his wise and energetic ad-
ministration the school was established upon its present basis. Hersey-Hall
and the new dining-hall were built, new steam apparatus put m, and other
imprlments made^o the total amount of $40,000. Mr William A Post came
in 1872, and administered affairs ably until his resignation, in the fall of 1873.

*'G. M. Bodge, A. M., was called to take charge in the spring of 1874, and the
qphool is greatly prospering under his care.

-The institution provides two courses in the Collegiate Department, and con-
fers the degree of Laureate of Arts, upon all young ladies, who successfully pass
examination in a classical course, and Laureate of Science, in the scientific
course. In the Academic Department, Diplomas are granted in two courses,
English and College Preparatory. ^. ^^

*'The nresent trustees are: Hon. S. F. Hersey, of Bangor, president; D.

Members: Hon. I m^^^ ^^.^^^ ^^^^^ Esq., Rufus

Isa C P. Kimball, Esq., N. K. Sawyer, Esq., C. Morrill, Esq.

Sting; Miss J. E. Bodge,' Rhetoric and Composition; Miss Lizzie Hoyt,
Teacher of Music."

PORTLAND ILLUSTRATED.

149

OUR BUSINESS PROSPECTS.

VIEW AT JUXC. OF FREE AXD MIDDLE STUKETS.

Already have we had occasion to speak of our business-men and business
prospects, encouragingly; but enough has not been said. Occasional items —
with here and there suggestions arising out of incidents that have occurred,
while this vindication of Portland
has been going through the press,
are not enough to satisfy the nat-
ural desire of many among us, to
know of a truth, what we have to
depend upon, for the building up
of a great commercial centre here
in Portland — just here —

In a leader of the Argiis, for
October 9, there are some facts
mentioned, which are well worthy
of attention — such as the follow-
ing: "The panic, which caused
such a crash in New- York and
other large business-centres, hard-
ly made a ripple here. The busi-
ness-men of Portland weathered
the storm, if not altogether un-
harmed, at least not severely affected ; and the business of Portland, as a ichole,
has never been so large, safe and sound, as it has been this year. All depart-
ments may not be
doing equally well,
but all are making
progress — are pros-
perous to a remark-
able and very en-
couraging degree,
under the circum-
stances, tcith a
broader and still
more hopeful out-
look for the future.'^
"And this," con-
tinues the editor,
"this, we repeat, is
a very encouraging
state of things. It
shows that Port-
land, so far from
"wilting,' is probably
I he most prosperous
• ■ify in the country,
< xccpt, jtrrhap.s^ Sna
Fr a n ci sco — that
amid severe depres-
sion in many parts of the country, she is making real progress, her trade awl her
population constantly increasing — not very rapidly it is true, as compared with
what has been seen in some western cities, yet still making a healthy, solid

VIEW ON COMMERCIAL STREET.

150

POUTLANB ILLUSTRATED.

growth, that will take no step backward. And this is much, in fact a great
deal to say, at such a period as this. It betokens well for the future of our
beautiful city,"

''In proof of all this," contin-
ues the writer, "one has only
to take a look about town, and
consult the business-men he
meets. There is scarcely a va-
cant store or house. On the con-
trary the demand for medium
and cheap rents is very hrisk.
Every new house to rent is at
once taken, and many tenements
have been fitted up over stores.
A considerable number of stores
are now in process of erection or
soon to be undertaken — more
than at any season, we think, since
the fall after the great fire, and
these stores are nearly all engag-
ed in advance. The hotels have
been full all the season, and the
'let up,' has hardly yet come."

And now, October 13th, we
have the following editorial,

VIEW COR. EXCHANGE AKD FEDERAIi STS.

from our cautious and trustworthy Press, corroborating these views, in lan-
guage not to be mistaken. To all testimony like this we may well attach great

importance.

"It is proper matter for felicitation,
that this stagnation, which is so con-
spicuous in New- York, Boston, and
most other trade centres, is hardly per-
ceptible here in Portland. The panic
of last year, which had so crippling an
effect elsewhere, was hardly felt here,
as our people have for many years de-
voted themselves almost exclusively to
legitimate business, and have dabbled
but little in the enticing speculations
whose ruin in thepanic, wrought so much
des' ruction. Portland entered upon
the present year, in a good condition
for business, and has been exceptionally
prosperous in nearly every branch of
commerce and industry.

"There is a general agreement among
our citizens that the city has fairly en-
tered upon an era of growth, in wealth
and population, and this view is fully
confirmed by an examination of the
elements of prosperity in detail."

VIEW ON FKEE STREET.

CONT

ENTS.

Akers, Paul,
Army «fe Navy Union,
Aged Brotherhood,
Architects, our,
Bishop's Mansion,
Board of Trade, .
Brooks, James,
Barnes, Phineas,
Brown, Harry,
Beckett, Chas. E.,

" Sylvester B.,
Burgess, Fobes & Co.'s "White Lead

Factory,
Bailey & Noyes, .
Business Prospects, our,
City Hall,
Custom House,
Codman Charles,
Cumberland Bar Association,
Chickering, Rev. Dr.,
Congress titreet,
C. P. Kimball Company,
Colesworthy, D. C,
Cummings, Rev. Asa, D. D,
Carriage Drives around Portland,

Consuls,

Congress Square Universalist Church
Chestnut Street Methodist Church,
Climate of Portland,
Cahoon Manufacturing Co.,
Casco National Bank,
Canal National Bank
Clergy, our,
Dry Docks,
Deering, Nathaniel,
Davies, Charles S.,
Deane, Rev. Samuel, D
Exchange St., before and since the Fire
Evergreen Cemetery,
Eagle Sugar Refinery,
Freeman, Samuel,
Forest City Sugar Refinery,
Fessendeii, Wm. Pitt,
Female Orphan Asylum,
Falmouth Hotel,
First Parish Church, .

" Baptist "

" National Bank, .
Fuller's Varnish Factory,
Foretellings and their FuUfllment
Greenleaf Law Library,
Grand Army of the Republic, . 48,
Greenleaf, Moses,
Greenleaf, Simon,
Grand Trunk Railway,
Historical Incidents,
Home for Aged Women,
High Street.
Insurance Companies.
Kotzschmar, Hermann,
Longfellow, Henry "W.,
Lincoln Park,
Lumber Trade, our.
Merchant's National Bank,
Military Organizations,
Middle Street, from Post Office,

" " before the Fire,

" " from Market Square,

22
48
76
25
30
44
50
50
65
74
76

108
135
149
19
24
28
47
48
70
76
78
86
88
103
105
108
113
108
115
117
34
47
49
87
87
11
91
136
31
46
50
62
73
93
101
111
103
124
48
144
113
102
129
32
64
89
122
79
20
30
104
119
120
85
14
49

Martin, Mrs. Clara Barnes,
Murray, Mrs. Elizabeth,
Mellen, Greenville,
Mercantile Library, .
Musicians, our,
Marine Hospital, .
Medical Associations, .
Merchant's Exchange, .
Maine General Hospital,
Market Square,
Mechanics' Hall, .
Maine Savings Bank, .
National Trader's Bank,
Nichols, Rev. Ichabod,
Newspapers and Periodicals,
Oaksmith. Mrs. Elizabeth, .
Ottawa House,
Old Orchard Beach,
Observatory, ....
Our Country Boys Developed.
Portland— Past, Pi esent and Future

" Ouf New,

" Dispensary,

*' Head Light,

** Stone Ware Co.,

" Cement Drain Pipe Co

*' Kerosene Oil Co.,

<' Star Match Co.,

" Gas Co.,

" High School,
and the West,

" Rapid Growth of

" Company,

** Horticultural Association,
Savings Bank,

'< Mechanics and Apprentices,
Private Dwelling Houses,
Poor, John A., . .

Payson Memorial Church,
Percy, Florence, .
Public Houses and Hotels,
Preble House,
Post Office,
Prose Writers, our.
Public Library,
Private Banking Houses,
Ray, Isaac, M. D.,
Reform School,
Rolling Mills,

Real Estate and Building Co.,
State Street,

Sweat, Mrs. Margaret J. M.,
Schools and Schoolhouses,
Society of Natural History,
Safe Deposit Vaults, .
Simmonds. Franklin,
Stephens, Mrs. Ann S.,
Tilton, John Rollin,
Theatres, our,
United States Hotel,
Willis, William,

" N. P

" Sarah Payson,
Widow's Wood society,
Ward's Opera House,
Women's Christian Association
Westbrook Seminary,
Young Men's Christian Association

104
68, 116
&4
40
41
43
44
46
26
34
134
134
31
36
80
56
63

72
146
72

152

ADVERTISEMENTS.

AGENTS FOR CHICKERING & SONS'

PIAlSrO-FOETES,

Concert Grands^ Grands^ Squares and Uprights.

The Instruments now manufactured by this well known, long established firm, are the
results of half a century of study, experiment and improvements. Possessing greater advan-
tages than all other makers through this long period of increasing experience, two generatioiiS
of active, energetic minds have been assiduously employed in perfecting their production.

THE CHICKERING PIANOS

are now at the head of all the instruments manufactured in the country. For purity and
sonority of tone, elegance of finish, thoroughness and durability, of structure, they rank fore-
most of all.

With the merely mechanical excellence, which results largely from the ingenuous inventions
of Messrs. Chickering themselves, they combine a beauty, delicacy, and poetry of tone which is
a rare charm, and seems to depend more on the intelligence than on the handiwork of the
maker. It is estimated that one quarter of all the Pianos used in America is of their make.

THE BRADBURY PIANO FORTE

has been manufactured about twenty years, and sold extensively throughout the United
States. This instrument is peculiar for its soft tone; particularly adapted for singing, and
gives great satisfaction. Everybody who sings, or who cares in the least for music, is acquaint-
ed with the name of the originator of this instrument. The music of William B. Bradbury
is sung all over the civilized world, and the fame of his Piano-Fortes is fast spreading all
through our land.

We shall sell our stock of Chickering and Bradbury Pianos, at the reduced prices, and aU
parties intending to purchase an instrument, will find it to their advantage to enquire our
prices, before buying elsewhere.

MASON & HAMLIN'S CABINET ORGANS,

for which we are also the agents, stand without a rival. 73,000 have been manufactured, and
they alwaygive UNIVERSAL SATISFACTION:

All Piano-Fortes and Cabinet Organs sold by us are warranted for five years.

Remember the place.

Bailey & ]N"oyes,

EXCHANGE STREET, ^OItTLA.NI), JdJE.

ADVER TISEMENT8.

158

Where to Purchase a Piano,

i Jr^irT'''^ ^? Pj^^ t^"^""^ beginner needs all the interest which the
?rh.Tini^ production of fine tones can add to the cliarms of novelty, to conn-
terbalance the undeniable dullness of the proper exercises. It is therefore a
lh7fZTlt"AT''Vr?' ^e^t^ccess of the pupil in all stages of progress?
that they should have the most perfect instrumenL The best Musical Talent of
^.t/rthl'fi^"''?-'''!''^ C%icA:erm.r/ & Sons^ Pianos, and the Bradbunj Piano-
nf fl^'c ^. mstrunients that can be constructed. Messrs. Bailey & Noyes,

Ha^l clh^lt State agents for these Pianos, and also for the Mason &
^T/n^^ ^ \ ^''P^''' ^^'^^ ^^^o a family should count a

musical instrument as an extravagance; it is an economy, and may prove in
?;?/r,. ^ ^^^''^i investment. We bought of Messrs. Bailey & Noyes, a
Snn^n% ^-""'^ ^''^ '^^^y ^^^PPy in possession, enjoying it so

much that It has become an indispensable comfort.— Varties wishing to purchase

^TnL?.!? '\''''''^FlS'''''*^''^^ ^^''^^ ^^^^■'^ ^^'^'^^-^ or Organs, at the lowest

^^'gTeb'et-VX:^^^^^^^ -^-^^ ^i'-

The Chickering Piano.

We invite attention to the advertisement of Messrs. Bailey & Noves who
are agents for the sale of the Chickering Pianos. It will be seen that the prices
have been reduced, in accordance with the demand of the times. Of the qual-
ity ot these pianos it is scarcely necessary to speak. The public has passed fa-
vorable judgement upon them for fifty years, and the forty-three thousand of
these instruments now in use, tells of the skill of the manufacturers more
eloquently than pen can do. They are made upon honor, and personally we
confess to a preference for them. This, however, is of little consequence.
Others may prefer those of other makers, but purchasers will hardly do them-
selves justice who buy without examining these. The Messrs. Bailey & Xoyes
have a large assortment in all the various styles and costliness of finish, which
tney are happy to show to those desirous of selecting good instruments.— Pori-
land Daily Argus.

Musical.

We would call attention to the fact that Messrs. Bailey & Noyes, of this city,
are selling Pianos and Cabinet Organs, at the lowest possible percenta-e of
profit— much lower than they have ever been sold in this State before. Parties
wishing to purchase Musical Instruments in any part of the State, will find it
to their pecuniary advantage to communicate directly with tliese gontiomen.
1 hey have the wholesale State agency, of tlie celebrated Chickering & Sons',
and Bradbury Pianos, and the Mason & Hamlin Organs. All those instru-
ments are world renowned, and need no special commendation from us. Yet
we may speak of that which we know, having one of these Piano-Fortos our-
selves, which has proved its worth to our entire satisfaction. Evorv intelligent
person cognizant of musical matters, knows how essential to the learner and
performer is the really perfect instrument. Most emiihatically do we recom-
mend our readers as above, and are sure they will find satisfaction.— Porifand

154

ADVEB TISEMENTS.

The Portland Transcript.

A FIRST-CLASS, LITERARY WEEKLY,

Filled with Original Stories and Sketches, by the best writers ; Poems, Essays ;
Sketches of Travel and Adventure ; Reviews of and Extracts from New Books ;
Editorial Comments on Passing Events ; Letters from Tourists ; Foreign and
Domestic News; State and City Items; Fun and Sentiment; Illusiirated Re-
buses, Puzzles, Enigmas, &c. ; Markets and Commercial Review; Marine List.

TERMS: $2.50 per year.

$2.00 if paid strictly in Advance.

Clubbing with other Periodicals.

The Publishers of the Transcript have made arrangements with the leading
Magazines and other Periodicals, by which they can furnish most of the read-
ing matter desired, at rates much below those charged when not taken in club.

Send for specimen copy of Portland Transcript.

For full particulars, address,

ELWELL, PICKARD & CO.,

PORTLANE), ME.

TO ADVERTISERS.

The Transcript has a limited space devoted to advertisements, and its great
circulation makes it the best possible medium for business-men, desiring to
attract attention. Its circulation surpasses that of any other paper, daily or
weekly, in the city, in the county, and in the State.

For further information and for terms, apply to the publishers.

ELWELL, PICKARD & CO..

44 Exchange St., Portland, Me.

ADVER TISEMENTS.

155

Francis H. Coffin,

Bookseller and Stationer,

ISO nVw^IZDIDHiE STI^EET,

(Under Falmouth Ilolel.)

m m m ^

Appleton's American Cyclopedia, Ziemssen's Cyclopedia
of the practice of Medicine, Guizot's Popular His-
tory of France, and other Standard Works,
Sold only by Subscription.

AGENTS WANTED!

Importer's agent for the sale of the Tauchnitz Edition of British and German
Authors.

Sole Agents for the Heliotype Publications of James R. Osgood & Co.

THE LARGEST VARIETY OF

Pirie's, Wove, Repp and Double Repp Papers

TO BE FOUND IN THE CITY.

m m ' m ^

REMEMBER!

FRANCIS H. COFFIN,

Under Falmouth Hotel. 120 Middle Street.

156

ABVEBTISEMENTS.

Portland Steam Packet Company.

DAILY LINE OF FIRST CLASS STEAMERS BETWEEN

BOSTON AND PORTLAND.

ONE OF THE FIEST-CLASS STEAMERS OF THIS LmE,

.JOl BEOOKS, FAIMODTH, FOREST CITY,

Will Leave Franklin Wharf, Portland, and India Wharf,
Boston, every evening ( Sundays excepted) throughout the
year.

These Steamers are well furnished, and have a large num-
ber of elegant and airy State-rooms, and arrive in season to
take the earliest trains going East or West.

During the thirty years this Line has been in existence,
it has never caused injury or loss of life, to a single passen-
ger.

Time of Sailing :

Leave Portland in Summer at - - 8 P. M.

" " " Winter at - - - 7 P. M.

Leave Boston in Summer at - - 7 P. M.

" « " Winter at - - - 6 P. M.

Freight taken at low rates. State-rooms may be secured
in advance by mail, or by application at the Agent's offices.

WM. WEEKS, Ag't, J. B. COYLE, Jr., Gen. Ag't,
India Wharf, Boston. Franklin Wharf, Portland.

AD VER TISEMENTS.

157

FURNITURE!

El^OCH LOED,

DEALER IN

BLACK-WALNUT, CHAMBER,

AND OTHER

First-Class Furniture.

Having unusual faciUties for manufacturing, I am prepared to sell lower than any

one in the City.

J^arZor Sixtts of cuTxy style, otl Kctncl and
TTXCLTZixfcLctjzrecl to orde-r. JBlack WccZnu-t cmd
^cttnted SetSj trc great iraTzety, constantly
tn stocJz. 2£arhle and Wood Top Tables,
WThat-JSTots, Sail Stands of e^rery style,
SmoTztng CKatrs, Camj> CKatvs, JEasy and
^ecej)tton CKatrs.

PLEASE CALL AND EXAMINE!

e:^^oce[ lord,

130 Exchange Street, ^ORTLANn.

158

ADVERTISEMENTS.

ESTABLISHED 1844.

W. L. WILS03^ & CO.,

Wholesale and Retail Grocers.

THE LARGEST STOCK!

THE BEST GOODS!!

THE LOWEST PRICES!!!

Corner of Exchange and Federal Streets,

PORTLAND, MB.

BARNES BROS.,

General Insiarance .Agents,
28 Exchange St., - - Portland, Me.,

(First door North of Merchant's Exchange.)
B. BAENES. Jr. ^ ^ BX^^^.

ASSETS REPRESENTED, - - $10,000,000.

We represent Compatiies unexcelled in Character and Standing, by those of
any other Agency in this State. , ^ , ,

All business entrusted to us will be attended to promptly, and m good taitn,
toward ail parties concerned.

INSURANCE STATISTICS A SPECIALTY.

Keliable information as to the Standing of Companies freely communicat-
ed.

Superior facilities for placing large lines of insurance.

Barnes Bros., Portland, Me.

AD VERTISEMENTS.

159

SINGER SEWING MACHINES.

The table of Sewing Machine Sales for 1873, shows that our sales last year
amounted to 232,444, (two hundred and thirty-two thousand, four hundred and
forty-four) Machines, being a large increase over the sales of the previous year,
(1872. )

The table also shows that our sales

EXCEED THOSE OF ANY OTHER COMPANY

for the period named, by the number of 113,254 Machines, or nearly double
those of any other Company.

It may be further stated that the sales of 1873, as compared with those of
1872, show a relatively LARGER INCREASE beyond the sales of other mak-
ers, than of any other year.

For instance, in 1872, we sold 45,000 more Machines than any other Company,
whereas, in 1873, the sales were 113,254 Machines

In Excess of our Highest CoMPEtixoR.

These figures are all the more remarkable, for the reason that the sales of
the principal Companies in 1873, are

LESS THAI THEIK SALES II 1872,

whereas, as has been shown,

Our Sales Have Largely Increased.

The account of sales is from sworn returns made to the owners of the Sew-
ing Machine Patents.

It will hardly be denied that the Superiority of the Singer Maciiixes is
fully demonstrated; at all events that their popularity in the household is
unquestionable.

H. M. WHEELOCK,

JVew JVo. 545; Old JSTo. 331 Congress St.,
Agent for Portland and Vicinity.

160

ADVERTISEMENTS.

ESTABLISHED 1841.

H. H. HE A. Y,

JUNCTION OF FREE <& MIDDLE STREETS,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Fine Chemicals, Pure Drugs,
GENUINE MEDICINES,

Also, Varnishes, Paints, Oils, Dye-Stuffs, and all other
articles usually kept in a Drug and Paint Establishment.

Physicians' Prescriptions carefully Compounded,

FROM SELECT MATERIALS.

♦ ^ . I—

■W. a. JOISTES,

BOOK PUBLISHER,

PORTLAND, ME.

Agent for the Best Wood Engravers in the Country.

Engravings of Public Buildings, Churches, Banks,
Private Residences, Machinery, Models, &c., &c., execut-
ed in first-class shape, and at engravers' prices.

910 '

Call No. 974,1^2/
Author ^^^tL

Title

160

ADVERTISEMENTS.

ESTABLISHED 1841.

JUNCTION OF FR]

Fine Chemi
CENUIN

Also, Varnishes, Pain
articles usually kept in i

Physicians' Prescrip'

FROM SE

BOOK F

PORTLAND. ME.

Agent for the Best Wood Engravers in the Country.

Engravings of Public Buildings, Churches, Banks,
Private Residences, Machinery, Models, &c., &c., execut-
ed in first-class shape, and at engravers' prices.

"Wholesa

"W. s.

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